AWA - Part 3, Standards, NHPs

Question 1

The floors in the NHP housing area may be made of dirt, gravel, sand, or grass.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Any surface that comes in contact with NHPs must be _______ and ______.

Answer 2

free of excessive rust and be free of sharp or jagged edges.

Question 3

True or False. Hard surfaces in which NHPs come in contact must be spot cleaned every two weeks.

Answer 3

False. Hard surfaces in which NHPs come in contact must be spot cleaned daily.

Question 4

Who determines the interval in which to sanitize or replace surfaces that have been scent marked?

Answer 4

AV

Question 5

Supplies of food and bedding must be stored in a way that protects the supplies from _______, _______, and ________.

Answer 5

Spoilage, contamination and vermin infestation.

Question 6

What are the 4 types of housing facilities that can be used for NHPs?

Answer 6

Indoor, sheltered, outdoor, and mobile/traveling housing facilities.

Question 7

Indoor housing facilities must be lighted well enough to permit what?

Answer 7

Routine inspections and cleaning of the facility and observation of the NHPs.

Question 8

True or False. Only artificial lights can be used in NHP facilities.

Answer 8

False. Artificial or natural light can be used for the NHPs.

Question 9

What is the purpose of a perimeter fence for the outdoor area of a sheltered housing facility?

Answer 9

To protect the NHPs by restricting access to animals (such as dogs, skunks and raccoons) and unauthorized humans

Question 10

When is a perimeter fence not required?

Answer 10

If the outside walls of the primary enclosure are made of sturdy, durable material and are high enough and constructed in a way that restricts contact with or entry by humans and animals that are outside the sheltered housing facility or the housing facility is surrounded by a natural barrier that restricts the NHPs to the housing facility and protects them from contact with unauthorized humans and animals that are outside the sheltered housing facility, and the Administrator gives written permission.

Question 11

Who is the “Administrator”?

Answer 11

The Administrator of the APHIS, or any other official of the APHIS to whom authority has been delegated.

Question 12

In fixed public exhibits housing NHPs, what must be in place between the primary enclosure and the public?

Answer 12

a barrier

Question 13

Are trained NHPs allowed physical contact with the public? Explain.

Answer 13

Yes, but only if they are under direct control and supervision of an experience handler or trainer at all times during the contact.

Question 14

Who and what determines if NHPs are allowed to be kept in outdoor facilities?

Answer 14

The Attending Veterinarian - only those NHPs that are acclimated to the prevailing temperature and humidity can be kept in outdoors facilities.

Question 15

True or False. NHPs in outdoor facilities do not require additional shelter.

Answer 15

False - the animals must be provided with adequate protection from the elements (sun, rain, snow, wind, etc).

Question 16

List five minimum requirements of primary enclosures for NHPs

Answer 16

Primary enclosures must:

1. Be structurally sound
2. Must be kept in good repair
3. Must have no sharp points or edges
4. Must protect the NHP from injury
5. Must contain the NHP securely
6. Prevent accidental opening of the enclosure by the NHP and others.

Question 17

The minimum space that must be provided is determined by weight, except for ________ and ________.

Answer 17

Brachiating species and great apes.

Question 18

In a research facility, who approves an exemption from the space requirement?

Answer 18

Exemption must be required by a research proposal orin the judgment of the attending veterinarian and must be approved by the IACUC

Question 19

A mother with infants less than _____ may be maintained together in a primary enclosure that meets the floor area space and height requirements of the mother.

Answer 19

6 months old

Question 20

Research facilities must develop document and follow an appropriate plan for environmental enhancement adequate to promote the ________________.

Answer 20

Psychological well being of NHPs.

Question 21

The environmental enhancement plan must address what issues, at a minimum?

Answer 21

Social grouping, environmental enrichment, special considerations, restraint devices, and exemptions.

Question 22

True or False. Officials of any pertinent funding agency are not allowed to review a research facility’s environmental enhancement plan.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Give at least 2 exceptions to group housing NHP.

Answer 23

An animal may be housed singly if…

1. It exhibits vicious or overly aggressive
2. If it is debilitated
3. If the animal is suspected of having a contagious disease, it must be isolated from healthy animals.
4. Scientifically justified for the research proposal

Question 24

List the NHPs that require special attention regarding enhancement of their environment.

Answer 24

• Infants and juveniles
• Those in psychological distress
• Those in IACUC-approved restricted activity
• Individually housed NHPs (can’t see/hear others)
• Great apes > 110 pounds.

Question 25

Who is allowed to exempt an individual NHP from the environmental enhancement plan because of its health or condition, or in consideration of its well-being? How often must the exemption be reviewed and by whom?

Answer 25

The Attending Veterinarian.

Review at least every 30 days by the AV, unless the basis for the exemption is a permanent condition.

Question 26

Who is allowed to exempt an individual NHP from the environmental enhancement plan because of scientific reasons? How often must the exemption be reviewed and by whom?

Answer 26

The IACUC.

It must be reviewed by the IACUC at appropriate intervals as determined by the IACUC but not less than annually.

Question 27

How often should adult NHPs be fed?

Answer 27

At least once per day except as otherwise might be required to provide adequate veterinary care.

Question 28

How often should infant and juvenile NHPs be fed?

Answer 28

As often as necessary in accordance with generally accepted professional and husbandry practices and nutritional standards based upon the animals’ age and condition.

Question 29

Why is the location of food and food receptacles important?

Answer 29

Food and food receptacles must be located so as to minimize any risk of contamination by excreta and pests.

Question 30

How often should food receptacles be sanitized?

Answer 30

Every 2 weeks

Question 31

How often should potable water be offered to NHPs if it is not continually available?

Answer 31

No less than 2Xs a day for at least 1 hour unless otherwise required by the attending veterinarian or as required by the research proposal approved by the IACUC.

Question 32

True or False. Used water receptacles cannot be used to provide water to a different NHP.

Answer 32

True - used water receptacles cannot be used to provide water to a different NHP unless they are first sanitized.

Question 33

How often must food waste and excreta be removed from inside of each indoor primary enclosure?

Answer 33

Daily

Question 34

How often must indoor primary enclosures be sanitized for NHPs that engage in scent marking?

Answer 34

At regular intervals determined in accordance with generally accepted professional and husbandry practices.

Question 35

What are the 3 methods that may be used to sanitize hard surfaces of primary enclosures?

Answer 35

1. Live steam under pressure
2. Washing with hot water (at least 180 F) and soap or detergent such as with a mechanical cage washer
3. Washing all soiled surfaces with appropriate detergents or disinfectants, with a through cleaning to remove all organic material and mineral build-up and to provide sanitization, followed by a clean water rinse.

Question 36

How is contaminated material such as sand, dirt, gravel, or grass sanitized?

Answer 36

They are removed as necessary to prevent odors, disease, pests, insects, and vermin infestation.

Question 37

Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a NHP more than __ hours before the schedules departure time. This time may be extended by up to __ hours.

Answer 37

Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a NHP more than 4 hours before the schedules departure time. This time may be extended by up to 2 hours.

Question 38

What must carriers and intermediate handlers be provided in regards to the consignee have before they accept a NHP for transport in commerce?

Answer 38

The name, address, telephone number, and telex number (if applicable) of the consignee.

Question 39

What type of certification is needed prior to a NHP being accepted for transport in commerce?

Where is this certification kept?

What information must be included in the certification?

Answer 39

Certification that the NHP was offered food and water during the 4 hours before delivery to the carriers and intermediate handler.

The certification must be attached to the outside of the primary enclosure in a way to make it noticeable and read.

The certification must include:

• Consignor’s name and address
• The species of NHP
• The time and date the NHP was last fed and watered and specific instructions for the next feeding and watering for a 24 hour period
• The consignor’s signature and the date and time the certification was signed.

Question 40

Who must sign a certification stating that the NHP is acclimated to temperatures lower than those that are required?

Can the NHP be held at temperatures lower than the minimum specified temperature?

Answer 40

A veterinarian.

No.

Question 41

When and how often must the carrier and intermediate handler notify the consignee upon the NHP’s arrival to an animal holding area?

Answer 41

Upon arrival and at least once in every 6 hours period after arrival.

Question 42

What happens if the consignee cannot be notified within 24 hours after the NHP arrives at the animal holding facility?

Answer 42

The carrier and intermediate handler must return the NHP to the consignor or the consignor’s designee.

Question 43

If ventilation openings are located on 2 opposite walls of the movable primary enclosure (used to hold or transport NHPs) the openings on each wall must be at least what % of the total surface of each wall.

The openings must be located on or above (choose one) the midline of the enclosure.

Answer 43

16%

Above the midline

Question 44

If ventilation openings are located on all 4 walls of the movable primary enclosure (used to hold or transport NHPs) the openings on each wall must be at least what % of the total surface of each wall and be located on or above (choose one) of the enclosure.

Answer 44

8%

Above the midline

Question 45

When a permanently fixed primary enclosure with only a front ventilation opening is used to transport or hold a NHP, the ventilation opening must be what percentage of the total area of the front wall of the enclosure?

Answer 45

At least 90 %

Question 46

Give three circumstances in which more than one NHP may be transported in a single primary enclosure.

Answer 46

1. A mother and her nursing infant may be transported together
2. A established male-female pair or family group may be transported together, except when the female is in estrus
3. A compatible pair of juveniles of the same species that have not reached puberty may be transported together.

Question 47

True or False. NHP s of different species may be transported in adjacent or connecting primary enclosures.

Answer 47

False - NHPs of different species must not be transported in adjacent or connecting primary enclosures.

Question 48

Primary enclosures that are not affixed to a conveyance must be clearly marked in English on the ____ and _______ with the words “_______” or “______”. The letters must be ___ high. What else needs to be in place?

Answer 48

Primary enclosures that are not affixed to a conveyance must be clearly marked in English on the top and on one or more sides with the words “Wild Animals” or “Live Animals”. The letters must be 1 inch high.

Arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the primary enclosure.

Question 49

During transport, how often must food and water be offered to a NHP that is at least 1 year old? Less than 1 year old?

Answer 49

1 year old: food at least every 24 hours, water at least every 12 hours.

Less than 1 year old: food at least every 12 hours, water at least every 12 hours

Question 50

During air transportation, who is responsible for observing the NHP? How often should this happen?

Answer 50

The carrier is responsible for observing the NHPs.

The NHP should be observed frequently as circumstances allow but not less than once every 4 hours if the air cargo area is accessible during the flight

Question 51

Auxiliary ventilation, such as fans, flowers, or air conditioning, must be provided when the ambient temperature is____________.

Answer 51

≥ 85 F

Question 52

Ambient temperature in the sheltered part of a facility holding non-human primates must not fall below __________ for _______ hours when nonhuman primates are present, and must not rise above ________ for more than _______ hours when nonhuman primates are present.

Answer 52

45Fº for 4 hours

85Fº for 4 hours

Question 53

Concerning the perimeter fence for sheltered housing facilities for non-human primates, fences less than what height and less than what distance from the primary enclosure need approval from the Administrator?

Answer 53

6 ft tall

3 ft from primary enclosure

Question 54

T or F: Only one live NHP may be transported in a primary enclosure.

Answer 54

False

Question 55

In instances of long-term restraint of NHP (more than 12 hours) the NHP must be provided the opportunity daily for unrestrained activity for at least ______ during the period of restraint, unless approved by the Committee.

Answer 55

one continuous hour during the period of restraint

Question 56

T/F: Grouping categories of NHPs are strictly based on weight and conditions such as obesity must be taken into consideration when assigning a NHP to a group category.

Answer 56

False: The grouping provided is based upon the typical weight for various species and not on changes associated with obesity, aging, or pregnancy. These conditions will not be considered in determining a NHP weight group unless the animal is obvioulsy unable to make normal postural movements within the primary enclosure.