The Gastromycetes by Families Flashcards
what are the 3 clades in the Gastromycetes?
euagarics
gomphoid
boletoid
what are the types of propagules in Gstromycetes?
peridioles & basidiospores
what clade is Nidulariaceae included in?
Euagarics
how do the Nidulariaceae grow on their substrate?
epigeous (on a substrate)
what is the propagule of the Nidulariaceae? & how do the Nidulariaceae disperse their spores?
propagule is a peridiole
splash cup dispersal
what type of lifecycle to the Nidulariaceae exhibit?
saprotrophic
describe the structure of Nidulariaceae in its spore dispersal?
nest is a peridium, overtime in evolution it has opened in a nest like structure
peridioles are gleba surrounded by a peridium covering
peridioles sit in a purse, at the base of the purse is a sheath containing a hapteron at the end of a rope like structure called a funiculus
hapteron allows the spore to attach to its substrate
splash cup mechanism pulls the peridioles out by pulling the funiculus out, the funiculus will then wrap around a branch
where do peridioles sit in Nidulariaceae?
in a purse
what allows the peridioles to attach to a substrate?
hapteron
how are the Nidulariaceae spores dispersed?
animals
what clade is the Lycoperaceae apart of?
uagarics
how do Lycoperaceae grow on their substrate?
epigeous
what type of propagule do Lycoperaceae have?
basidiospore
how do Lycoperaceae disperse their spores?
bellows mechanism
summarize the bellows mechanism
raindrops or small animals hit the peridium & as it pushes in, the spores are propagated outwards (by the internal stipe)
in the middle of the puffball there is a sterile region that represent the remaining stipe
what type of lifecycle do Lycoperaceae have?
saprotrophic
how do the gleba & peridium contrast in Lycoperaceae & Nidulariaceae?
the outer peridium opens with an inner peridium still covering the gleba in the Nidulariaceae
in Lycoperaceae, once the peridium is cracked, the gleba is directly exposed
how many layers does the Lycoperaceae peridium have?
1-2
Lycoperdon peridium
2 layered, covered with spiky structures
what clade is the Sclerodermataceae in?
Boletoid
what is significant about the spore production in Sclerodermataceae?
produced from the inside of tubes
what type of fungi are included in Sclerodermataceae?
puffballs, earth stars (Astraeus) & chambered earth balls (pisolithus)
how are Sclerodermataceae spores dispersed?
disintegration of the gasterocarp & animal activity
what are the propagules in Sclerodermataceae?
peridioles & basidiospores
how do Sclerodermataceae grow on their substrate?
hypogeous or epigeous
what type of lifecycle do Sclerodermataceae have?
ectomycorrhizal
how many layers of peridium does Sclerodermataceae have?
2 layered
what does the outer peridium do in Sclerodermataceae?
disintegrates & cracks back
what clade is in Rhizopogonaceae in?
boletoid
what type of fungi is in Rhizopogonaceae?
false truffles
how does Rhizopogonaceae fungi grow on their substrate?
hypogeous
what are the propagules in Rhizopogonaceae?
peridioles or basidiospores
how are spores dispered in Rhizopogonaceae?
disintegration of gaterocarp & animal activity
what type of lifecycle do Rhizopogonaceae have?
ectomycorrhizal
how many layers does Rhizopogonaceae have?
2 layers
what clade are Geastraceae in?
gomphoid - pholloid
what type of fungi are in Geastraceae?
earth stars
earth cannon
what are unique about earth cannons?
for their fruiting body, fruiting body is shot off by an eversion
how do Geastraceae grow on their substrate?
epigeous
what are the propagules in Geastraceae?
basidiospores
how do Geastraceae disperse their spores?
bellows puffing (mechanism)
what type of lifecycle do Geastraceae have?
saprotrophic
how many layers does Geastraceae peridium have?
3 layers
what clade is Phallaceae in?
Gomphoid - Phalloid
what type of fungi is in Phallaceae?
stink horns & stink balls
how does Phallaceae grow on their substrate?
epigeous
what are the propagules of Phallaceae?
basidiospores
how are Phallaceae spores dispersed?
insects with olfactory & visual attraction
what type of lifecycle does Phallaceae have?
ectomycorrhizal or saprotrophic
what families are in the euagarics clade?
nidulariaceae & Lycoperdaceae
what families are in the Gomphoid clade?
Geastraceae & Phallaceae
What families are in the Boletoid clade?
Sclerodermataceae & Rhizopogonaceae
