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F & L > The Gastromycetes by Families > Flashcards

The Gastromycetes by Families Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 clades in the Gastromycetes?

A

euagarics

gomphoid

boletoid

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2
Q

what are the types of propagules in Gstromycetes?

A

peridioles & basidiospores

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3
Q

what clade is Nidulariaceae included in?

A

Euagarics

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4
Q

how do the Nidulariaceae grow on their substrate?

A

epigeous (on a substrate)

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5
Q

what is the propagule of the Nidulariaceae? & how do the Nidulariaceae disperse their spores?

A

propagule is a peridiole

splash cup dispersal

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6
Q

what type of lifecycle to the Nidulariaceae exhibit?

A

saprotrophic

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7
Q

describe the structure of Nidulariaceae in its spore dispersal?

A

nest is a peridium, overtime in evolution it has opened in a nest like structure

peridioles are gleba surrounded by a peridium covering

peridioles sit in a purse, at the base of the purse is a sheath containing a hapteron at the end of a rope like structure called a funiculus

hapteron allows the spore to attach to its substrate

splash cup mechanism pulls the peridioles out by pulling the funiculus out, the funiculus will then wrap around a branch

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8
Q

where do peridioles sit in Nidulariaceae?

A

in a purse

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9
Q

what allows the peridioles to attach to a substrate?

A

hapteron

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10
Q

how are the Nidulariaceae spores dispersed?

A

animals

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11
Q

what clade is the Lycoperaceae apart of?

A

uagarics

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12
Q

how do Lycoperaceae grow on their substrate?

A

epigeous

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13
Q

what type of propagule do Lycoperaceae have?

A

basidiospore

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14
Q

how do Lycoperaceae disperse their spores?

A

bellows mechanism

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15
Q

summarize the bellows mechanism

A

raindrops or small animals hit the peridium & as it pushes in, the spores are propagated outwards (by the internal stipe)

in the middle of the puffball there is a sterile region that represent the remaining stipe

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16
Q

what type of lifecycle do Lycoperaceae have?

A

saprotrophic

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17
Q

how do the gleba & peridium contrast in Lycoperaceae & Nidulariaceae?

A

the outer peridium opens with an inner peridium still covering the gleba in the Nidulariaceae

in Lycoperaceae, once the peridium is cracked, the gleba is directly exposed

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18
Q

how many layers does the Lycoperaceae peridium have?

A

1-2

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19
Q

Lycoperdon peridium

A

2 layered, covered with spiky structures

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20
Q

what clade is the Sclerodermataceae in?

A

Boletoid

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21
Q

what is significant about the spore production in Sclerodermataceae?

A

produced from the inside of tubes

22
Q

what type of fungi are included in Sclerodermataceae?

A

puffballs, earth stars (Astraeus) & chambered earth balls (pisolithus)

23
Q

how are Sclerodermataceae spores dispersed?

A

disintegration of the gasterocarp & animal activity

24
Q

what are the propagules in Sclerodermataceae?

A

peridioles & basidiospores

25
Q

how do Sclerodermataceae grow on their substrate?

A

hypogeous or epigeous

26
Q

what type of lifecycle do Sclerodermataceae have?

A

ectomycorrhizal

27
Q

how many layers of peridium does Sclerodermataceae have?

A

2 layered

28
Q

what does the outer peridium do in Sclerodermataceae?

A

disintegrates & cracks back

29
Q

what clade is in Rhizopogonaceae in?

A

boletoid

30
Q

what type of fungi is in Rhizopogonaceae?

A

false truffles

31
Q

how does Rhizopogonaceae fungi grow on their substrate?

A

hypogeous

32
Q

what are the propagules in Rhizopogonaceae?

A

peridioles or basidiospores

33
Q

how are spores dispered in Rhizopogonaceae?

A

disintegration of gaterocarp & animal activity

34
Q

what type of lifecycle do Rhizopogonaceae have?

A

ectomycorrhizal

35
Q

how many layers does Rhizopogonaceae have?

A

2 layers

36
Q

what clade are Geastraceae in?

A

gomphoid - pholloid

37
Q

what type of fungi are in Geastraceae?

A

earth stars

earth cannon

38
Q

what are unique about earth cannons?

A

for their fruiting body, fruiting body is shot off by an eversion

39
Q

how do Geastraceae grow on their substrate?

A

epigeous

40
Q

what are the propagules in Geastraceae?

A

basidiospores

41
Q

how do Geastraceae disperse their spores?

A

bellows puffing (mechanism)

42
Q

what type of lifecycle do Geastraceae have?

A

saprotrophic

43
Q

how many layers does Geastraceae peridium have?

A

3 layers

44
Q

what clade is Phallaceae in?

A

Gomphoid - Phalloid

45
Q

what type of fungi is in Phallaceae?

A

stink horns & stink balls

46
Q

how does Phallaceae grow on their substrate?

A

epigeous

47
Q

what are the propagules of Phallaceae?

A

basidiospores

48
Q

how are Phallaceae spores dispersed?

A

insects with olfactory & visual attraction

49
Q

what type of lifecycle does Phallaceae have?

A

ectomycorrhizal or saprotrophic

50
Q

what families are in the euagarics clade?

A

nidulariaceae & Lycoperdaceae

51
Q

what families are in the Gomphoid clade?

A

Geastraceae & Phallaceae

52
Q

What families are in the Boletoid clade?

A

Sclerodermataceae & Rhizopogonaceae

F & L (13 decks)

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