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F & L > Lab 3 > Flashcards

Lab 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what replaces basidiocarps in Teliomycetes?

A

teliospores

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2
Q

what type of lifecycle do Teliomycetes fungi have?

A

parasitic

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3
Q

how are teliospores arranged?

A

grouped in sori or scattered within the host tissue

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4
Q

teliospore

A

encysted probasidia

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5
Q

what are the 2 orders of Teliomycetes? & how is it determined?

A

Uredinales

Ustilaginales

based on the nature of the basidium

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6
Q

Uredinales basidia

A

4-celled basidia, each cell with a sterigma & basidiospore

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7
Q

Ustilaginales basidia

A

septate or non-septate, promycelia produces sporidia (blastospores) which often anastomose with one another

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8
Q

pleomorphic

A

more than one independent form or spore-stage in the life cycle

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9
Q

what is the max number of spore forms in the lifecycle of some rusts?

A

5

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10
Q

macrocyclic

A

species that produces all 5 spore forms

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11
Q

brachycylic

A

species that produces all 4 spore forms

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12
Q

demicyclic

A

: species that produces all 4 spore forms but one is diff than a brachycyclic

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13
Q

what are the spore forms produced of demicyclic lifecycles? & which one is missing?

A

Produces pycina, aecia & telia but lacks uredinia

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14
Q

autoecious

A

complete their lifecycle on a single host species

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15
Q

heteroecious

A

inhabiting diff host species at diff stages in the lifecycle

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16
Q

Puccini graminis host description

A

heteroecious on wheat & barberry

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17
Q

Puccinia graminis spore form description

A

macrocyclic

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18
Q

spermatiophore

A

hyphae that produces spermatia

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19
Q

spermatiophore location

A

inner periphery of the barberry leaf

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20
Q

ostiole

A

a small hole or opening where mature spores are released

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21
Q

what protrudes from the ostiole?

A

receptive hyphae & spermatia

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22
Q

what is the function of spermatia

A

sexual fertilization, when contacting receptive hyphae of a spermogonium of the opp mating type

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23
Q

when is the dikaryotic stage of Puccinia graminis initiated?

A

when spermatia of the opp types meet

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24
Q

how are spermatia transported to spermogonium?

A

insects

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25
Q

spermogonium

A

produces spermatia & receptive hyphae

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26
Q

aecia

A

produce aeciospores, upside cup-shaped, with chains of aeciospores

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27
Q

where does infection of aecia begin?

A

lower end of the barberry leaf

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28
Q

aeciospore

A

unicellular, non-repeating vegetative spore, produced in an aecium, usually resulting from dikaryotization, which germinates to give a dikaryotic mycelium

contains nuclei of opp mating types

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29
Q

when is the aecium stage initated?

A

spermatia are transferred to receptive hyphae

30
Q

how are aeciospores dispersed?

A

wind dispersal

31
Q

uredia stage

A

dikaryotic stage in wheat, infects stem & leaves

red rust stage

occurs during the summer

32
Q

uredia

A

masses of hyphae on wheat stems, forming urediospores

33
Q

what replaces uredia?

A

telila

34
Q

urediospores

A

binucleate with nuclei of opp mating types

born singly on stalks

35
Q

when does the orange colour form?

A

after urediospores have broken through the epidermal layer

36
Q

how are urediospores dispersed?

A

wind-dispersed

37
Q

telia

A

produce teliospores

38
Q

telia stage in Puccinia graminis occurs on what host? & when?

A

primary host, wheat

autumn - spring

39
Q

teliospore

A

2-celled, thick-walled, contain 2 haploid nuclei of opp mating type with fuse to form a diploid nucleus

40
Q

what process occurs in teliospores?

A

karyogmay

41
Q

where does karyogamy occur in Puccinia graminis?

A

in the teliospore

42
Q

what do teliospores produce?

A

promycelia which differentiates into basidia

43
Q

what happens during winter in the telial stage of Puccinia graminis?

A

teliospore attaches to the plant tissue on which it was produced and waits for winter to pass (diploid during the winter)

44
Q

what occurs during the spring in Puccinia graminis?

A

meiosis occurs while each teliospore emits a germ tube which becomes transversely septate & forms the metabasidium

Each metabasidium produces a basidiospore with a haploid nucleus that undergoes mitosis producing 2 identical haploid nuclei dikaryotic homokaryon –> total of 4 haploid nuclei are produced

basidiospores are catapulted out & germinate into spermogonium

45
Q

Puccinia coronate host description

A

heteroecious

46
Q

Puccinia coronate spore form description

A

macrocyclic

47
Q

what are the primary & secondary hosts of Puccinia coronate (crown rust of oats)?

A

primary = oats

secondary = Rhamnus/buckthorn

48
Q

what stage can re-infection occur?

A

uredia

49
Q

what stage can re-infection not occur?

A

Aecia

50
Q

what stage are paraphyses present in the Puccinia coronate lifecycle?

A

Uredia

51
Q

paraphyses

A

hyphal element in a hymenium originating at the base, and growing upwards, usually unbranched and not anastomosed

52
Q

describe the structure of uredospores in Puccinia coronate

A

Thick-walled paraphyses with swollen tips may be seen amongst the stalked, one-celled uredospores

53
Q

describe the hosts infected in the diff stages of Puccinia coronate

A

spermogonia - Rhamnus/buckthorn
Aecia - Rhamnus/buckthorn
Uredia - oats
telia - oats

54
Q

describe how teliospore & uredospores grow on their host?

A

amphigenous

55
Q

amphigenous

A

infect on the surface of leaves

56
Q

Gymnosporangium juniper (cedar apple rusts) host description

A

heterecious on juniper/cedar & apple

57
Q

Gymnosporangium juniper (cedar apple rusts) spore formation description

A

demicyclic –> no uredia or urediospores produced

58
Q

what are 2 characteristics of the Gymnosporangium rusts?

A

Lack Uredia, except one species

All heteroecious, except one species

59
Q

Gymnosporangium juniper life cycle summary

A

YEAR 1
Basidiospores infect apple host in May
Spermogonia on apples & leaves in June
Plasmogamy
Aecia on leaves & apples
Aeciospores infect juniper (cedar) in late summer & fall

YEAR 2

Cedar apple (gall stage) in May whcih develop into Telial horns that gelatinize with moisture 
Teliospores form 
Karyogamy 
    Meiosis
60
Q

what type of host has economic importance?

A

primary host

61
Q

Cronartium quercium –> Lobolly pine blister rust lifecycle description

A

Economically important host (pine) impacted by aecia & resinosis

Heteroecious on white pine & currants or oaks

Macrocyclic

Form telial horns

62
Q

Cronartium quercium –> Lobolly pine blister rust lifecycle summary

A

Basidiospores infect pine needles, 1-2 years later spermatia form

Spermatia form & release aeciospores after 1 year

Aecia form for 8 -10 days & release Urediniospores

Uredia release teliospores after 10-20 days

Teliospores undergo karyogamy & meiosis forming basidiospores after 10-45 days

63
Q

Cronartium Ribicola –> white pine blister rust lifecycle summary

A

Spermogonia – pine

Aceia – pine

Uredia – ribes

Telia – ribes

Basidiospores (n) infect needles, spermogonia appear 2 years later in the bark of branches

64
Q

Cronartium Ribicola (white pine rust) host description

A

heteroecious

65
Q

Cronartium Ribicola (white pine rust) spore form description

A

macrocyclic

66
Q

Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses host description

A

autoecious on roses

67
Q

Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses spore form description

A

macrocyclic

68
Q

what stage of Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses lifecycle damages the roses?

A

aecial state causes leaf spots or damage to petioles & stems

telila state causes stem cankers

69
Q

What does the aecia look like in Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses?

A

Spores in chains

Verrucose (covered with warty elevations)

Form sub-epidermally

70
Q

What does the telia look like in Phragmidium speciosum - Rust of roses?

A

Spores are cylindrical

4-8 celled

Pedicel is much larger than the spore

F & L (13 decks)

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