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14 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of FB does sordaria of sordariales have?

A

perithecia

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2
Q

describe the perithecia of sordaria of sordariales

A

dark

sometimes doesn’t have have a pre-formed pore

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3
Q

describe the peridium of sordaria of sordariales

A

leathery

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4
Q

describe the asci of sordaria of sordariales

A

asci are in fascles

ovoid to cylindrical

thin refractile apical ring which is sometimes deliquesce

deliquesce

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5
Q

describe the centrum of sordaria of sordariales

A

deliquescent paraphyses which grow from the bottom

asci - mature at diff times & singly occupy the ostiole

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6
Q

describe the dispersal of ascospores of sordaria of sordariales

A

forcibly discharged by the apical apparatus (sphincter) where they’re squeezed out of the perithecium

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7
Q

describe how the asexual stage forms in sordaria of sordariales

A

will sometimes from right from the spores still contained in asci

will push through the walls of asci & form conidiogenous cells

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8
Q

describe the ascospores of sordaria of sordariales

A

hyaline to dark

1-2 celled

various types of ornamentation

in some taxa there is a gelatinous sheath or appendages present

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9
Q

what is the substrate of sordaria of sordariales?

A

dung

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10
Q

what is a characteristic feature of sordaria of sordariales?

A

deliquesce asci

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11
Q

describe the perithecia of xylariales

A

leathery to carbonaceous

embedded in or on a dark stroma

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12
Q

fascles

A

hymenium that arises from ascogenous hyphae from croziers

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13
Q

describe the asci of xylariales

A

exist in a basal layer (hymenium)

cylindrical to club shape

have a thin amylose apical ring or stack of rings

mature at diff times resulting in ascospores of diff ages in the perithecium

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14
Q

describe the ascospores of xylariales

A

dark

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15
Q

does xylariales have periphyses?

A

yes

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16
Q

describe the periphyses of xylariales

A

present int he neck of the FB

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17
Q

describe the paraphyses of xylariales

A

develop from the bottom & sides of the perithecium causing an expansion - unique

will deliquesce

become lysed by the developing asci & become invisible

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18
Q

what stage is easily identified in Xylariales?

A

anamorphic - sympodula

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19
Q

what is the substrate of Xylariales?

A

wood, form cankers

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20
Q

what is unique about Xylariales?

A

paraphyses develop from the bottom & sides of perithecium causing an expansion

21
Q

what are 3 genres in Xylariales?

A

xylaria

hypoxylon

daldinia

22
Q

describe the perithecia of Hypocreales

A

brightly coloured

on a stroma

form by the growth of pseudoparaphyses

sclerotia develop out of ergot, stroma form from sclerotia

23
Q

describe the paraphyses of Hypocreales

A

pseudoparaphyses - form by the growth of apical paraphsyes

exist on the inside of the venter & grow downwards

develop top downwards

24
Q

describe the asci of Hypocreales

A

ovoid to cylindrical

in a hymenium

formed by croziers

have apical pores in their thickened apex with or without an apical apparatus

25
Q

describe the spore dispersal of Hypocreales

A

forcibly discharged

26
Q

describe the anamorphic stage of Hypocreales

A

vary in a wide range of forms

27
Q

describe the substrate of Hypocreales

A

above ground plant substrate

28
Q

what type of lifecycle does Hypocreales have?

A

saprotrophic (plant) or pathogenic (plants & macrofungi)

29
Q

epichole

A

brightly coloured perithecia & stroma

30
Q

what are the genera in Hypocreales?

A

nectria

claviceps

epichloe

31
Q

what is unique about Hypocreales?

A

growth of pseudoparaphyses (apical growth) which attach to the bottom of the perithefcium

32
Q

what organism is responsible for Dutch Elm disease?

A

Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

33
Q

describe the ascocarp of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

A

black perithecium

perithecium has a bulbous base & a long neck

the ostiole contains hairs holding the ascospores in a mucilaginous drop

34
Q

describe the asci & ascospores of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

A

ascospores are stuck together by the liquid of deliquesced asci

asci are in a basal facile (hymenium)

asci are globulose & deliquesce

formed by croziers

no periphyses or paraphyses

35
Q

describe the anamorphic stage of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

A

called sympodula

produced on leaves in the tunnels of bark-boring beetles

36
Q

describe the spore dispersal of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

A

insect dispersed

dispersed when in the asexual or sexual stages

37
Q

describe the type of lifecycle of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

A

saprotrophic or parasitic on wood

38
Q

describe the substrate of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

A

wood

39
Q

what are the unique features of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales?

A

asci are in a basal facile (hymenium), globulose & deliquesce

no periphyses or paraphyses

40
Q

describe the perithecia of Creatocysits of Microascales

A

long necked

asci are scattered

no hymenium

41
Q

describe the asci of Creatocysits of Microascales

A

deliquesce early in development of the perithecium

globose & deliquiscent

42
Q

describe the spore dispersal of Creatocysits of Microascales

A

ascospores are released single file in a slime

insect dispersal

slime has a fruity smell which attracts insects

43
Q

describe the type of lifecycle of Creatocysits of Microascales

A

mostly parasites on plants

44
Q

describe the FB of Erysiphe of Eryisphales

A

Cleistothecia with various appendages

hair like appendages

45
Q

describe the asci of Erysiphe of Eryisphales

A

basal fascicles (hymenium)

club-shaped & not globose

46
Q

describe the spore dispersal of Erysiphe of Eryisphales

A

ascospores are forcibly discharged from asci by a squirt mechanism

spores then escape the FB through an opening created by pre-determined lines of weakness in the peridium

47
Q

describe the type of lifecycle of Erysiphe of Eryisphales

A

saprotrophs

48
Q

describe the asci of Plectomycetes

A

scattered

spherical or globose

F & L (13 decks)

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