14

Question 1

what type of FB does sordaria of sordariales have?

Answer 1

perithecia

Question 2

describe the perithecia of sordaria of sordariales

Answer 2

dark

sometimes doesn’t have have a pre-formed pore

Question 3

describe the peridium of sordaria of sordariales

Answer 3

leathery

Question 4

describe the asci of sordaria of sordariales

Answer 4

asci are in fascles

ovoid to cylindrical

thin refractile apical ring which is sometimes deliquesce

deliquesce

Question 5

describe the centrum of sordaria of sordariales

Answer 5

deliquescent paraphyses which grow from the bottom

asci - mature at diff times & singly occupy the ostiole

Question 6

describe the dispersal of ascospores of sordaria of sordariales

Answer 6

forcibly discharged by the apical apparatus (sphincter) where they’re squeezed out of the perithecium

Question 7

describe how the asexual stage forms in sordaria of sordariales

Answer 7

will sometimes from right from the spores still contained in asci

will push through the walls of asci & form conidiogenous cells

Question 8

describe the ascospores of sordaria of sordariales

Answer 8

hyaline to dark

1-2 celled

various types of ornamentation

in some taxa there is a gelatinous sheath or appendages present

Question 9

what is the substrate of sordaria of sordariales?

Answer 9

dung

Question 10

what is a characteristic feature of sordaria of sordariales?

Answer 10

deliquesce asci

Question 11

describe the perithecia of xylariales

Answer 11

leathery to carbonaceous

embedded in or on a dark stroma

Question 12

fascles

Answer 12

hymenium that arises from ascogenous hyphae from croziers

Question 13

describe the asci of xylariales

Answer 13

exist in a basal layer (hymenium)

cylindrical to club shape

have a thin amylose apical ring or stack of rings

mature at diff times resulting in ascospores of diff ages in the perithecium

Question 14

describe the ascospores of xylariales

Answer 14

dark

Question 15

does xylariales have periphyses?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

describe the periphyses of xylariales

Answer 16

present int he neck of the FB

Question 17

describe the paraphyses of xylariales

Answer 17

develop from the bottom & sides of the perithecium causing an expansion - unique

will deliquesce

become lysed by the developing asci & become invisible

Question 18

what stage is easily identified in Xylariales?

Answer 18

anamorphic - sympodula

Question 19

what is the substrate of Xylariales?

Answer 19

wood, form cankers

Question 20

what is unique about Xylariales?

Answer 20

paraphyses develop from the bottom & sides of perithecium causing an expansion

Question 21

what are 3 genres in Xylariales?

Answer 21

xylaria

hypoxylon

daldinia

Question 22

describe the perithecia of Hypocreales

Answer 22

brightly coloured

on a stroma

form by the growth of pseudoparaphyses

sclerotia develop out of ergot, stroma form from sclerotia

Question 23

describe the paraphyses of Hypocreales

Answer 23

pseudoparaphyses - form by the growth of apical paraphsyes

exist on the inside of the venter & grow downwards

develop top downwards

Question 24

describe the asci of Hypocreales

Answer 24

ovoid to cylindrical

in a hymenium

formed by croziers

have apical pores in their thickened apex with or without an apical apparatus

Question 25

describe the spore dispersal of Hypocreales

Answer 25

forcibly discharged

Question 26

describe the anamorphic stage of Hypocreales

Answer 26

vary in a wide range of forms

Question 27

describe the substrate of Hypocreales

Answer 27

above ground plant substrate

Question 28

what type of lifecycle does Hypocreales have?

Answer 28

saprotrophic (plant) or pathogenic (plants & macrofungi)

Question 29

epichole

Answer 29

brightly coloured perithecia & stroma

Question 30

what are the genera in Hypocreales?

Answer 30

nectria claviceps epichloe

Question 31

what is unique about Hypocreales?

Answer 31

growth of pseudoparaphyses (apical growth) which attach to the bottom of the perithefcium

Question 32

what organism is responsible for Dutch Elm disease?

Answer 32

Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

Question 33

describe the ascocarp of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

Answer 33

black perithecium perithecium has a bulbous base & a long neck the ostiole contains hairs holding the ascospores in a mucilaginous drop

Question 34

describe the asci & ascospores of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

Answer 34

ascospores are stuck together by the liquid of deliquesced asci asci are in a basal facile (hymenium) asci are globulose & deliquesce formed by croziers no periphyses or paraphyses

Question 35

describe the anamorphic stage of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

Answer 35

called sympodula produced on leaves in the tunnels of bark-boring beetles

Question 36

describe the spore dispersal of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

Answer 36

insect dispersed dispersed when in the asexual or sexual stages

Question 37

describe the type of lifecycle of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

Answer 37

saprotrophic or parasitic on wood

Question 38

describe the substrate of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales

Answer 38

wood

Question 39

what are the unique features of Opiostoma of Ophiostomatales?

Answer 39

asci are in a basal facile (hymenium), globulose & deliquesce no periphyses or paraphyses

Question 40

describe the perithecia of Creatocysits of Microascales

Answer 40

long necked asci are scattered no hymenium

Question 41

describe the asci of Creatocysits of Microascales

Answer 41

deliquesce early in development of the perithecium globose & deliquiscent

Question 42

describe the spore dispersal of Creatocysits of Microascales

Answer 42

ascospores are released single file in a slime insect dispersal slime has a fruity smell which attracts insects

Question 43

describe the type of lifecycle of Creatocysits of Microascales

Answer 43

mostly parasites on plants

Question 44

describe the FB of Erysiphe of Eryisphales

Answer 44

Cleistothecia with various appendages hair like appendages

Question 45

describe the asci of Erysiphe of Eryisphales

Answer 45

basal fascicles (hymenium) club-shaped & not globose

Question 46

describe the spore dispersal of Erysiphe of Eryisphales

Answer 46

ascospores are forcibly discharged from asci by a squirt mechanism spores then escape the FB through an opening created by pre-determined lines of weakness in the peridium

Question 47

describe the type of lifecycle of Erysiphe of Eryisphales

Answer 47

saprotrophs

Question 48

describe the asci of Plectomycetes

Answer 48

scattered spherical or globose