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18 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of relationship is displayed in a lichen?

A

symbiosis

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2
Q

what are lichens composed of?

A

algae & fungi (typically ascomycota0

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3
Q

How are the scientific names of lichens determined?

A

based on the fungal components

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4
Q

why do lichens require dispersal?

A

to maintain biomass & diversity

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5
Q

how does lichen dispersal maintain biomass & diversity?

A

b/c they move around b/w & within populations

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6
Q

what are the dispersal methods of lichens (3)?

A

vegetative propagules - soredia & isida

ascospores & re-lichenization of symbionts in lichens

sexual reproduction producing sporophytes in mosses

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7
Q

what type of fungal FB do spores in lichens typically disperse from?

A

apothecium

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8
Q

what are the types of FB that lichen fungal components can have?

A

apothecial

perithecial

cleistothecial

pseudothecial

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9
Q

what are the asexual propagules of lichens?

A

soredia & isidia

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10
Q

soredia

A

incorporated into the upper surface of the thallus

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11
Q

isidia

A

powdery, sit on the surface

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12
Q

what are the sexual propagules of lichens?

A

ascospores & basidiospores

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13
Q

what type of dispersal do lichen ascospores have? & what follows the dispersal of ascospores from a lichen?

A

wind

re-lichenize & lichenization

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14
Q

re-lichenize

A

fungi come into combination with an algal partner

algal or cyanobacterial cell determines if it wants to partner with the fungal component

fungi compete for the algal cell

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15
Q

lichenization

A

formation of feeding structure

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16
Q

what does the algal cell provide to the lichen?

A

photosynthetic materials

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17
Q

what does the fungal cell provide to the lichen?

A

envr that is kept moist enough that the algal cell can survive

an envr where damage by light is minimized

18
Q

what type of envrs do crustose lichens form in?

A

open, extreme envrs

19
Q

why is it that wherever lichens grow, mosses grow too?

A

mosses prefer & secure water - which lichens depend on

fungus benefits from mosses b/c it acquires water from the moss for the algal cell

20
Q

are mosses symbiotic?

A

no

21
Q

how is lichen dispersal studied?

A

direct or indirect

22
Q

direct lichen dispersal study method

A

look at the number of propagules in a certain area

of propagules/unit area over time

look for fragments of lichens or soredia & isidia

23
Q

indirect lichen dispersal study method

A

DNA fingerprinting

24
Q

what type of lichens depend on water for dispersal?

A

crustose

Fructicose

foliose

25
Q

describe dispersal by fragmentation

A

bits of thallus break off & migrate

26
Q

what type of envr moves lichen fragments the furthest?

A

dry grass land

27
Q

how does being a large fragment effect its dispersal?

A

shorter distance

28
Q

what are the factors effecting lichen dispersal?

A

openness of envr

size of fragments

wt of fragments

wind currents

29
Q

why do open ecosystems carry lichen fragments further?

A

wind plays a role

30
Q

describe the dispersal of soredia?

A

thallus can exist as a flat thallus or a splash cup

splash cup mechanism is used for both

31
Q

what type of thallus is more efficient in dispersal?

A

neither nor, both travel the same distance

32
Q

what type of propagules does Cladonia use?

A

sexual or vegetative

33
Q

where is cladonia located?

A

oceanic parts of northern europe & NA

4 locations on coastal islands

34
Q

what type of thallus does cladonia have?

A

fructicose

35
Q

describe the dispersal of Cladonia

A

doesn’t fragment well, dispersal over distances is ineffective

remains in a generalized area

36
Q

describe the dispersal of Cladonia in the winter

A

travel along the surface of the snow

37
Q

where is Dermatocarpon found?

A

water’s edge

exists in a zone along lake shores where there is rock

experiences a spring high & winter & fall low

38
Q

describe the thallus of Dermatocarpon?

A

foliose

small

39
Q

how does the number of genotypes change as you go downstream?

A

increases, as they est themselves they undergo genetic changes

40
Q

Describe the dispersal of Dermatocarpon

A

thallus break off & are transported by water across lakes & through streams

41
Q

what does dispersal involve? (2)

A

fragmentation

mechanisms of migration

F & L (13 decks)

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