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Bio 1290 > The Fungi > Flashcards

The Fungi Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the main characteristics of fungi?

A
  • No Chlorophyll
  • Walls contain chitin
  • Not truly multicellular
  • Heterotrophs (saprophytes or decomposers)
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2
Q

How do moulds grow?

A

As long tangled filaments our cells in visible colonies

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3
Q

What are 2 yeasts that are unicellular fungi?

A
  • Saccrfomyoces

- Candida

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4
Q

How do fungi life cycles function?

A

Growth phase and reproductive phase

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5
Q

How do must fungi exist?

A

As hyphae, as part of a mycelium

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6
Q

What divides the cells of a mycelium?

A

Septa divides the cytoplasm

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7
Q

What does it mean for a fungi to be coenocytic?

A

Hyphae contains many nuclei

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8
Q

How is fungal growth influenced?

A
  • Nutrient absorption
  • Aerobic
  • Room Temp its optimal growth (psychrophilic)
  • Like slightly more acidic pH
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9
Q

What is a mycorrhizae?

A

Fungi that lives in a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots

-they help take up water an minerals

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10
Q

What is an endophyte?

A

Fungal endophytes live in plant tissue, in particularly leaves.
-may produce toxins

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11
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

Mostly via spore formation

  • asexual
  • in fruiting bodies
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12
Q

Where do the spores develop?

A

In sacs called sporangia

- some spores are produced not in sacs

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13
Q

What does the fragmentation of hyphae yield?

A

Arthrospores

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14
Q

When do fungi reproduce sexually?

A

In harsh and changing conditions

-more favourable conditions they are more likely to reproduce asexually

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15
Q

What is the group of more advanced fungi?

A

Dikaryamycota

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16
Q

What can dikaryamycota be subdivided into?

A

Basidiomycota: Mushrooms

Ascomycota: Moulds, cheese, fruit+bread

17
Q

What are zygomycetes?

A

Terrestrial fungi that grow as mould on bread and produce

-during sexual reproduction they form a heterokaryotic diploid zygospore

18
Q

What accounts for 75% of final species?

A

Ascomycetes

  • yeast
  • some mushrooms
  • mould
19
Q

What do ascomycetes produce?

A

Conidia through asecual production (spore lines, not sacs)

Ascospores through sexual reproduction (in sacs)

20
Q

What are lichens?

A

mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism

21
Q

What do basidiomycetes usually produce?

A

Club fungi (typical mushroom) and puffballs

22
Q

Where are sexual spores produced on basidiomycetes?

A

Basidia on the gills of a mushroom cap contain sexually produced basidiospore

23
Q

What shape is the fungus in most of the time?

A

Most of the time the fungus is the cell shape of the hyphae

-true mushroom shape is only a result when it wants to reproduce

24
Q

What does the term yeast mean?

A

Represents a term for any single celled stage of fungus

25
Q

Which type of fungus is a model eukaryotic organism?

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

  • ferments sugars
  • used in bread and alcohol production
26
Q

What is a mycotoxin?

A

A fungal toxin

27
Q

What is ergotism?

A

Caused by claviceps purpurea which grows on grains

-ergot deposited in the grain causes numbness, hot and cold sensations, seizures, paralysis of nerve endings!

28
Q

What does amanita cause ?

A

About 90% of death from mushrooms ingestion

  • produces cramping, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • taking in the intoxication
29
Q

What is dermatophytosis?

A

Is an infection of the body surface

  • transmitted by contact with domestic animals
  • symptoms are blister-like lesions with a thin fluid discharge
  • treatment often involves changing the skin environment
30
Q

What is candidiasis?

A

A mild superficial infection

31
Q

What causes candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans causes immune system is compromised or microbial populations in the body change

32
Q

What is sporotrichosis?

A

Is an occupational hazard. can occur in people who work with wood and wood products and soil
-infection with spores can cause pus-filled lesions

33
Q

What is cryptococcosis?

A

Usually occurs in immunocompromised individuals

-due to inhaled cells penetrate to the air sacs of the lungs

34
Q

What causes cryptococcosis?

A

Cryptoccus neoformans

  • found in urban soil and pigeon droppings
  • cells rarely pass the BBB
35
Q

What is Histoplasmosis and what causes it?

A

Can produce a systemic disease. Most people suffer influenza like symptoms

  • caused by hostoplasma capsulatum
  • found in dry, dusty soil, chicken coops and bat caves
36
Q

What is aspergillosis and what causes it?

A

When conidia enter the body and grow as mycelium and occur in immunesupressde people

  • caused by aspergillum fumigatus
  • affect heart or brain causing meningitis

Bio 1290 (15 decks)

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