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Bio 1290 > Taxonomy > Flashcards

Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

When and Who was first to propose the domain system?

A

1990

Carl Woese decided that there should be a place above kingdom

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2
Q

What did Woese also suggest?

A

That archaea may be more closely related to eukaryotes than to eubacteria

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3
Q

Who is the founder of modern taxonomy?

A

Carl Linnaeus invented the binomial nomenclature system we use today

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4
Q

What is the definition of Taxonomy?

A

Branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms

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5
Q

What is the current taxonomic order?

A 
Domain (all life)
Kingdom (most inclusive)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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6
Q

What is a taxon?

A

group of organism defined by the classification scheme

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7
Q

What groups do the binomial nomenclature represent?

A

The genus then species

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8
Q

How are organisms placed into groups ?

A

Placed based on their evolutionary relatedness

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9
Q

How are species names created?

A

based on peoples names, what they contribute to (bread, beer) or what they look like/from

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10
Q

How did bacteria and archaea arise?

A

From multiple common precursor progenitors, not just one

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11
Q

What are some characteristics of the archaea domain?

A

Prokaryote (single cell no nucleus)

Extremophiles

Representatives of the first living cells

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12
Q

What are some characteristics of the bacteria domain?

A

Prokaryotes

Proteobacteria is the big phylum

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13
Q

What are characteristics of proteobacteria?

A
  • diverse group of gram negative bacteria
  • Photo,chemo anf heterotrophs
  • anaerobic and aerobic
  • 5 subgroups: Alpha, beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon
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14
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup alpha of proteobacteria ?

A

Symbions or parasites of eukaryotes
Mitochondria evolved from here
-Rhizobium: N fixing for legumes
-Agrobacterium: crown gall disease in plants

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15
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup beta of proteobacteria ?

A

Diverse

-soil bacterial that have a role in N recycling

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16
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup gamma of proteobacteria ?

A

Some are photosynthetic

  • Salmonella: food poisoning
  • Vibrio cholera: Cholera
  • E coli, human intestines
17
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup delta of proteobacteria ?

A

Myxobacteria: from elaborate colonies

Dbellovibrios: predators of other bacteria

18
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup eplsilon of proteobacteria ?

A

Closely related to deltas

-Helicobacter pylori: causes ulcers

19
Q

What are chlamydiam?

A

Parasites that can only live in animals

20
Q

What are spirochetes?

A

Free living Helical heterotrophs with internal flagellum

  • Borrelia burgdorfei: lime disease
  • Treponema pallidum: form of syphilis
21
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the gram positive bacteria?

A

Actinomycetes: look fungal but give soil the earthy smell

  • TB
  • Impotant antibiotics like streptomycin
  • Mycoplasma: no wall
22
Q

What are cyanobacteria?

A

Phototrophic prokaryotes with plant like photosynthesis

  • chloroplasts evolved here
  • single cell of filamentous
23
Q

What is a dichotomous key?

A

Helps identify which species you are trying to identify

24
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the kingdom Protista?

A

Diverse single celled and often look like animals but aren’t. Some are autotrophs.

  • Algae
  • Slime molds
  • amoeba
  • paramecia
25
Q

What are euglenoids?

A

Protists that have plant and animal-like characteristics. Found mostly within water
-both heterotroph and autotroph

26
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the kingdom fungi?

A

Nonphotosynthetic single celled-multcicellular heterotrophs with cell walls

  • Yeast
  • mushroom forming fungi
27
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the kingdom plantae?

A

Complex multicellular photosynthesizing organisms with cell walls

  • angiosperms
  • gymnosperms
28
Q

What are characteristics and examples of the kingdom Animalia?

A

All heterotrophs, complex multicellular organisms, no cell walls and show characteristics of irritability (have a response to things) and movement

29
Q

What is a virus?

A

Not cellular and depend on host cells for their replication

-do not belong to any of the 5 kingdoms

30
Q

How are viruses classified?

A
  1. Structure- genetic and physical characteristics

2. According to the the type of disease they cause

31
Q

What are prions?

A

Non cellular non living infectious agents that are small proteins and not believed to possess any DNA or RNA

-cause mad cow

32
Q

How do prions work?

A

When taken up by an animal, they cause proper folding protein to fold incorrectly

Bio 1290 (15 decks)

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