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Bio 1290 > Microbial Growth and Nutrition > Flashcards

Microbial Growth and Nutrition Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do we define bacterial growth?

A

Orderly increase in numbers

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2
Q

What are the B,C,D periods of binary fission?

A

B: Cell increases in mass and size

C: DNA replicates and the 2 strands separate

D: Synthesis of a septum forms 2 identical cells

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3
Q

Do all cells replicate at the same rate?

A

No, depending on the species they all have an optimal replication rate

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4
Q

What is the regeneration time of E. coli?

A

15 mins

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5
Q

How do bacterial and archaea cells reproduce?

A

Asexually

-generation time is the interval between successive binary fissions

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6
Q

What are the 4 phases of the microbial growth process?

A
  1. Lag phase
  2. Logarithmic phase
  3. Stationary phase
  4. Decline phase
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7
Q

What happens during the lag phase?

A

No cell division occurs while bacteria adapt to their new environment

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8
Q

What happens during the logarithmic phase?

A

Exponential growth of the population occurs, human disease symptoms usually develop

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9
Q

What happens during the stationary phase?

A

When reproductive and death rates are equalized

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10
Q

What happens in the decline phase?

A

Accumulation of waste products and decline of resources causes the population to die

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11
Q

What state can bacteria exist in and why?

A

Metabolically inactive states which can be a response to potential or actual environmental change

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12
Q

Why are endospores important for cell growth?

A

They are a response to nutrient limitations

-have thick walls to survive harsh conditions

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13
Q

What is a psychophile?

A

Can grown between -10 and 20

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14
Q

What is a psychotrops?

A

Can grow between 0-30

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15
Q

What is a mesotroph?

A

Can grow between 10-58

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16
Q

What is a thermophile?

A

Can grow between 40-73

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17
Q

What is a hyperthrermophile?

A

Can grow between 76- 110

18
Q

What are obligate aerobes?

A

They require O2 to grow

19
Q

What is a microaerophile?

A

Live in low O2 environments

20
Q

What are facultative anaerobes?

A

Grow either with O2 or in reduced O2 environments

21
Q

What is a capnophilic bacteria (microaerophils)?

A

Require an atmosphere low in O2 and rich in CO2

22
Q

At what pH do majority of species grow at?

A

~7.0

23
Q

What are barophiles?

A

Withstand really high hydrostatic pressure

24
Q

What is media?

A

What ever we make to grow bacteria on

-most require special growth factors or nutrients

25
Q

What is agar?

A

Complex polysaccharide from cell walls of red algae

26
Q

Why do we use agar as a medium?

A
  • Most microbes can not digest it
  • Dissolves in water at 100
  • Solidifies below 40
  • can culture hyperthermophiles
27
Q

In a test tube with agar, why do you slant it?

A

Gives more area for you to put bacteria on the grow

28
Q

What is nutrient broth?

A

Powdered beef extract

  • AA mix from digested proteins
  • 1.5% agar if you need to solidify
29
Q

What us a defined media?

A

Synthetic media for something specific you want to grow

-exact chemical composition is known

30
Q

What are culture media used for?

A

growing microbes and to measure their growth

31
Q

What are the 2 basic types of culture media?

A

Complex medium is chemically undefined or complex medium such as nutrient broth or nutrient agar

32
Q

What is a complex media

?

A

Contains nutrients released from partial hydrolysis of yeast, beef, soy or proteins

  • chemical comp is not known
  • can support wide variety of microbes
33
Q

What does a a selective medium contain?

A

Ingredients to inhibit growth of certain species and allow the broth of others

34
Q

What are differential mediums?

A

Differential medium contains specific chemicals to indicate species that possess or lack a biochemical process

35
Q

What are fastidious organisms?

A

Require an enriched medium containing specific nutrients

36
Q

What is a selective media?

A

Contains substances that either favour or inhibit certain microbes from growing

37
Q

How do you measure population?

A

Measurements are made using pure cultures

38
Q

What is a pure culture?

A

Population consisting of only one species of prokaryotes

39
Q

What are the 2 forms of isolation?

A

Pour-plate: allows separation of species through dilution of sample

Streak-plate: Spreads individual cells to form discrete colonies of species

40
Q

How do you measure population growth?

A

Turbidity: cloudiness with spectrophotometer

Microscopic count: Count bacteria in the squares

Visually: Counting them

Bio 1290 (15 decks)

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