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BIO 1140 > The Four Different Pathways > Flashcards

The Four Different Pathways Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

With over twenty types, this is the largest family of enzyme receptors

A

tyrosine kinase receptors

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2
Q

What pathway is linked to survival, growth, proliferation, and metabolism

A

Tyr-K

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3
Q

What must occur for activation of Tyr-K

A

Dimerisation and autophospsorylation

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4
Q

How does Tyr-K signal?

A

Via SH2 domain

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5
Q

What are the main secondary messengers of Tyr-K?

A

Ras and phospholipase

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6
Q

What are some ligands that are used for Tyr-K (2)

A

Insulin and growth factors (NGF)

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7
Q

Name, from left to right, the parts that make up the tyrosine kinase connecting the Ras

A

Ras, Sos, GRB2, and phosphorylated tyrosine kinase

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8
Q

What happens when tyrosine kinase passes it signal to Ras?

A

the Ras drops the GDP it was holding, picks up a GTP, and then drops of into the cell

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9
Q

name the growth factor that stimulates a cascade that promotes survival and differentiation

A

NGF growth factor

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10
Q

What are two important products of the NGF cascade?

A

BCL2 and AKT (phosporylates Bad so it wont work)

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11
Q

What is the secondary messenger that initiates the cascade for both BCL2 and phosphorylated Bad?

A

PI3K

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12
Q

What is MAPKs job?

A

ensures that BCL2 stays active, and it can also signal dna transcription

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13
Q

What does BCL2 do anyway?

A

inhibits ligand gated ion channels from opening in the mitochondria to release calcium

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14
Q

What is the role of PI3K?

A

Keeps Bad phosphorylated

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15
Q

PLC (Phospholipase C)is used for what?

A

It can cleave PIP2 into Dag and IP3

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16
Q

What can PIP2 do?

A

it can cleave into phospholipids into Dag and turns into InsP3

17
Q

What can IP3 do?

A

It can open the ligand gated ion channel ON THE ER!!!

18
Q

What is there an absence of in GPCRs?

A

enzymes. no enzymes are used in this process

19
Q

How do GPCRs relay the message?

A

The have an alpha subunit that activates an amplifier enzyme some distance away

20
Q

What does GPCR stand for

A

G-Protein Coupled Receptors

21
Q

what are the two main GPCR pathways?

A

cAMP and PIP

22
Q

What does cAMP determine?

A

PKA activity

23
Q

After the GCPR receptor, what happens to the Alpha subunit?

A

It drops the GDP, binds GTP, and detaches and goes to activate an amplifier enzyme.

24
Q

In the camp pathway, what does the alpha subunit activate?

A

It activates adenylate cyclase

25
Q

What is the role of adenylate cyclase

A

Catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cAMP

26
Q

What does camp do?

A

It can activate PKA by binding to and releasing the regulatory subunit

27
Q

How many times do GPCRs cross the membrane?

A

7 times

28
Q

What two signallers are from the same family?

A

Ras from Tyr-K and a-subunit from GPCRs

29
Q

What is the role of PKA?

A

It phosphorylates proteins, channels, etc.

30
Q

In the PIP/IP3 pathway, what does the alpha subunit activate?

A

Phospholipase C

31
Q

What is the role of Phospholipase C?

A

It cleaves IP2 into IP3 and DAG

32
Q

What can DAG do?

A

It can activate PKC with the help of calcium

33
Q

what does arachodonic acid lead to?

A

eicosanoids

34
Q

Can calcium govern PKC by itself?

A

yes

35
Q

What is the difference between cyclic amp and gmp structurally?

A

The NH2 group is on the top of the nitrogenous base

36
Q

What does a DAG look like?

A

A phospholipid with the head chopped off

37
Q

What does inositol trisphosphate look like?

A

Just a ring with phosphates off of it

38
Q

What makes GRB2 a good adapter?

A

It has has SH2 and SH3 domains

39
Q

What is the end goal of the NGF cascade?

A

To activate MAPK, which keeps BCL2 active

BIO 1140 (17 decks)

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