Intro To Cell Bio 2 Flashcards
Four things about the RER
Studded with ribosomes
Orderly rows, flattened membrane
Receives proteins and checks for quality control
Folds proteins
Role of nuclear pore complex
Act as gates for the nucleus
Allow certain things in
Allows mRNA
4 things about smooth ER
Looks like tubules that are disorganized
No ribosomes stud it
Synthesizes lipids
Detoxes the cell
Main purpose of the Golgi body?
The finalize, sort, package, and ship proteins
How do Golgi bodies sort proteins?
Adds functional groups to their outer surface
What do lysosomes digest?
Faulty proteins
Macromolecules
What is needed in a lysosome?
High acidity and enzymes
What are the folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria called?
Cristae
What do plastids contain?
Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts
What are chromoplasts used for
Colour
What are amyloplasts used for?
Starch storage
How many membranes does a chloroplast have?
Two
What are the contents of a chloroplast?
Thylakoids, arranged in stacks called grana, and stroma, the fluid around the grana
What is tonoplast?
A substance that helps the central vacuole keep up the required tension to hold water.
What distinguishes eukaria from bacteria and archea?
Nuclear envelope
Membranous compartments with specific roles
Have an energy transforming unit
Define endosymbiotic theory
Eukaryotes came about by a prokaryote engulfing another prokaryote, and they developed a symbiotic relationship
What proof is there that chloroplasts were once prokaryotes? (6 things)
- They have their own DNA
- Same size as prokaryotes
- Use binary fission for reproduction
- Circular mDNA and cpDNA
- Machinery for transcription and translation
- They have double membrane with ETC
