Membranes Flashcards
What is the freeze- fracture technique?
Cells are flash frozen and then split open with a microscopically sharp knife. This splits the cell membrane and allows us to examine its contents
What are the protein channels used by water?
Aquaporins
What to phospholipids are most abundant on the outer side of the membrane?
SP and PC
What phospholipids are most abundant on the inside of the membrane, and which one has a negative charge?
PS and PE, and PS is the one that has a negative charge
What are glycolipids used for?
Cell recognition
Which membrane lipid has a negative charge?
Phosphatidylserine
What enzyme produces the double bond in phospholipids?
Desaturase
Integral proteins are used for what three things?
Ion channels
Transporters
Receptors
How are peripheral proteins attached to the membrane, and what is an example of one?
The link to an integral protein
Spectrin
What is an example of a lipid anchored protein on the outside of the membrane?
GPI anchors, used for cell adhesion
Example of lipid anchored protein on the inside of the cell
Fatty acid or prenyl groups
Involved in cell division and cell growth
What kind of transport is the Na+/Ca2+
Pump?
Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion
What ATP pump is responsible for ions, Na/K pumps, and ca?
P-type
What pump is referring to the h pump in the mitochondria?
F or V type
What channel type brings across large molecules?
ABC
What are the specs of the Na/K pump?
Pumps three Na out and brings two K in
define homeoviscous adaptation
The ability of the membrane to adapt to a changing environment in order to maintain fluidity
what are the three types of proteins?
Integral, peripheral, and lipid-anchored proteins
define active transport
moves solute against conc. gradient with ATP
define secondary active transport
Uses the concentration gradient of one solute to bring across another solute against its concentration gradient
define symport
the two solutes go in the same direction
define antiport
the two solutes go in opposite directions
define channel mediated facilitated diffusion
used for a specific solute, it moves the solute with its concentration gradient, is a channel
define carrier mediated facilitated diffusion
used for a specific solute, it moves the solute by binding it in the protein and them moving it across one at a time
