Intro to Cell Bio Flashcards
Made the first legit microscope
Leeuenhoek
Who made the first early version of a microscope?
What did he study with it?
Robert Hooke
Cork
3 components of cell theory
All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell is the basic functional unit of living organisms
Cells come from pre-existing cells
What are the three common characters of all cells?
All use the same elements and chemical controls
ATP is used as the source of energy
All cells contain DNA
What is the size of a prokaryote?
1-5 micrometers
What is the size of eukaryotes?
10-100 micrometers
Bright field microscopy
Light passes through the specimen
Dark field microscopy
Light illuminates at an angle
Phase-contrast microscopy
Utilizes reflection of light off cell
Allows for ability to change the field of focus
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Stream of electrons focused on a cell in a vacuum
Used to examine WITHIN the cell
Normaeski (differential interface contrast)
Similar to phase contrast
Special lenses give 3D image
Fluorescence microscopy
Stain used on cell
When UV light is shone on it, the parts of the cell effected are seen.
Confocal laser scanning
Lasers scan for parts of cell stained
They take a better 3D pic
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Scans electrons across the organism
The electrons excited on the surface create 3D image
Which of the two major cell groups is better a adapting?
Prokaryotes
What kind of DNA do prokaryotes have?
Circular, or plasmid DNA
What locomotion methods are used by bacteria?
Pili and flagellate
What protein are pili made of?
Pilene
What are flagella made of?
Microtubules
What do animal cells lack that prokaryotes do? (In regards to outer surface)
A capsule
What do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
A large central vacuole
What are compartments within the cytosol surrounded by membrane called?
Organelles
What is the layer on the outside of the capsule in prokaryotes made of? Think slime.
Glycocalyx
Where are ribosomes assembled?
In the nucleolus
Where are ribosomes found?
Nuclear membrane
Cytoplasm
On the RER
How does the cell communicate with the genes in the nucleus
Hormones and transcription factors
Difference between ribosome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
The one in prokaryotes is much smaller and simpler
What modes of reproduction are used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes respectively?
Binary fission
Mitosis
What is the cell wall made of in fungi?
Chitin
What are ribosomes made of?
Protein and rRNA
