Intro to Cell Bio Flashcards

0
Q

Made the first legit microscope

A

Leeuenhoek

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1
Q

Who made the first early version of a microscope?

What did he study with it?

A

Robert Hooke

Cork

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2
Q

3 components of cell theory

A

All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell is the basic functional unit of living organisms
Cells come from pre-existing cells

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3
Q

What are the three common characters of all cells?

A

All use the same elements and chemical controls
ATP is used as the source of energy
All cells contain DNA

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4
Q

What is the size of a prokaryote?

A

1-5 micrometers

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5
Q

What is the size of eukaryotes?

A

10-100 micrometers

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6
Q

Bright field microscopy

A

Light passes through the specimen

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7
Q

Dark field microscopy

A

Light illuminates at an angle

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8
Q

Phase-contrast microscopy

A

Utilizes reflection of light off cell

Allows for ability to change the field of focus

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9
Q

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

A

Stream of electrons focused on a cell in a vacuum

Used to examine WITHIN the cell

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10
Q

Normaeski (differential interface contrast)

A

Similar to phase contrast

Special lenses give 3D image

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11
Q

Fluorescence microscopy

A

Stain used on cell

When UV light is shone on it, the parts of the cell effected are seen.

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12
Q

Confocal laser scanning

A

Lasers scan for parts of cell stained

They take a better 3D pic

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13
Q

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

A

Scans electrons across the organism

The electrons excited on the surface create 3D image

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14
Q

Which of the two major cell groups is better a adapting?

A

Prokaryotes

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15
Q

What kind of DNA do prokaryotes have?

A

Circular, or plasmid DNA

16
Q

What locomotion methods are used by bacteria?

A

Pili and flagellate

17
Q

What protein are pili made of?

18
Q

What are flagella made of?

A

Microtubules

19
Q

What do animal cells lack that prokaryotes do? (In regards to outer surface)

20
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

A

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
A large central vacuole

21
Q

What are compartments within the cytosol surrounded by membrane called?

A

Organelles

22
Q

What is the layer on the outside of the capsule in prokaryotes made of? Think slime.

A

Glycocalyx

23
Q

Where are ribosomes assembled?

A

In the nucleolus

24
Where are ribosomes found?
Nuclear membrane Cytoplasm On the RER
25
How does the cell communicate with the genes in the nucleus
Hormones and transcription factors
26
Difference between ribosome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
The one in prokaryotes is much smaller and simpler
27
What modes of reproduction are used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes respectively?
Binary fission Mitosis
28
What is the cell wall made of in fungi?
Chitin
29
What are ribosomes made of?
Protein and rRNA