Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Penny - OB CH > The Fetal Heart & Chest > Flashcards

The Fetal Heart & Chest Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormality in which there is a small or absent opening between the left ventricle and aorta

A

Aortic atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve

A

Aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Abnormal development of the central portion of the heart; also referred to as endocardial cushion defect

A

atrioventricular defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The sonographic appearance of a fetal unilateral pleural effusion

A

“Bat-wing” sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The herniation of abdominal contents into the chest cavity because of an opening in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm

A

Bochdalek hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tendons within the heart that attach the tricuspid valve in the right ventricle and the mitral valve in the left ventricle to their respective papillary muscle

A

Chordae tendinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The narrowing of the aortic arch

A

Coarctation of the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A mass consisting of abnormal bronchial and lunch tissue that develops within the fetal chest

A

Cystic adenomatoid Malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest cavity through a defect in the diaphragm

A

Diaphragmatic Hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A genetic disorder characterized by an absent or hypoplastic thymus, which ultimately leads to impairment, of the immune system and susceptibly to infection, as well as cognitive disorders, congenital heart defects, plate defects, and hormonal abnormalities

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch

A

Ductus Ateriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Q
A fetal shunt that connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

A

Ductus Venous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The malformation or malpositioning of the tricuspid valve that causes multiple heart defects

A

Ebstein anomaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A condition in which the heart is located either partially or completely outside the fetal chest

A

Ectopic Cordis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Q
Lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

A

Eventration of the Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities

A

Fetal Hydrops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

An opening located in the left posterolateral portion of the diaphragm

A

Foramen of Bochdalek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

An opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm

A

Foramen of Morgagni

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An opening within the fetal heart within the atrial septum that allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium

A

Foramen Ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Incomplete development of the left ventricle, resulting in a small or absent left ventricle

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Incomplete development of the rt ventricle, resulting in a small or absent right ventricle

A

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A test of the amniotic fluid that predicts fetal lung maturity

A

Lecithin to Sphingomyelin Ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A lower than normal amount of amniotic fluid for the gestational age

A

Oligohydroamnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Paired muscles in both sides of the heartbeat hold in place either the mitral or tricuspid valves

A

Papillary Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Q
A group of anomalies that includes omphalocele, along with ectopic cords, cleft sternum, anterior diaphragmatic defect, and pericardial defects

A

Penology of Cantrell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Q
Fluid accumulation around the heart in the pericardial cavity

A

Pericardial effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

A

Pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Syndrome characterized by bilateral renal agenesis, abnormal facies, pulmonary hypoplasia, and limb abnormalities

A

Potter syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The absence of the pulmonary valve, which in turn prohibits blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and essentially to the lungs

A

Pulmonary atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Underdevelopment of the lungs

A

Pulmonary Hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

31
Q
A separate mass of nonfunctioning lung tissue with its own blood supply

A

Pulmonary sequestration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The narrowing of the pulmonary valve

A

Pulmonary stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A fetal heart tumor found within the myocardium

A

Rhabdomyoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Q
A group of abnormalities consisting of an overriding aortic root, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy

A

Teralogy of Fallot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Abnormality in which the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the aorta rises from the right ventricle

A

Transposition of the Great Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The leakage of blood back through the tricuspid valve

A

Tricupsis Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

A systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

An opening within the septum that separates the right and left ventricles

A

Ventricular septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is this view

A

Four-chamber heart view. The orientation of the heart within the chest in relationship to the fetal stomach (ST) is demonstrated in these two images. The apex of the heart is on the same side of the body as the stomach. The left atrium (LA), left ventricle (LV), right atrium (RA), and right ventricle (RV) are clearly identified. Note that the left atrium is the chamber positioned closest to the fetal spine (Sp).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The heart begins to contract at ___ days of gestation

A

36 to 37

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The embryonic heart begins as two tubes. These two tubes ultimately fuse and fold to form into four chambers,

A

Two atria and two ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The normal fetal heart will fill approximately one-third of the fetal chest, with its apex forming a _________________ angle with the fetal spine. The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium.

A

45-degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the _________________________ and branches, whereas the left ventricular outflow tract leads to the ________

A

-Pulmonary artery
-Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Blood from the right ventricle can flow through the ductus arteriosus and into the ________________

A

Descending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The existing oxygen-rich blood in the IVC travels up to the heart and enters the

A

right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Blood is shunted directly into the IVC via a small branch of the umbilical vein called the

A

Ductus venous

47
Q

The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the

A

Left atrium

48
Q

The leading cause of cardiac death in the neonatal period, with 95% dying within the first month of life if surgery is not performed.

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

49
Q

When ______________________________ found in girls, Turner syndrome should be suspected

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

50
Q

sonographic findings of hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

Absent or small left ventricle
- No communication between the left atrium and the left ventricle
- Aortic atresia (possibly)
- Aortic stenosis (possibly)
- Coarctation of the aorta (possibly)

51
Q

Hypoplastic heart syndrome most often results from

A

pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary atresia, but it may result from stenosis or atresia of the tricuspid valve.

52
Q

sonographic findings of hypoplastic right heart syndrome

A
  • Absent or small right ventricle
  • Enlarged left ventricle
  • Fetal hydrops (secondary to cardiac failure)
  • Narrowing of the pulmonary valve
53
Q

Basic assessment of the fetal outflow tracts

A
  • The aortic outflow tract originates from the left ventricle.
  • The pulmonary outflow tract originates from the right ventricle.
  • The outflow tracts should be comparable in size.
  • The ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery are perpendicular to each other because they exit their respective ventricles. They should be seen crossing
    and not lying in the same plane.
54
Q

Most common form of cardiac defect is

A

Ventricular septal defect

55
Q

sonographic findings of ventricular septal defects

A
  • Absence of part of the ventricular septum
  • Color Doppler is helpful at detecting small defects
56
Q

sonographic findings of atrial septal defect

A
  • Absence of part of the atrial septum
  • Color Doppler is helpful at detecting small defects
57
Q

sonographic findings of areioventricular septal defects

A
  • Absence of the atrial and ventricular septum
  • Color Doppler findings are helpful at showing mixture of flow patterns
58
Q

sonographic findings of ebtein anomaly

A

Malpositioned tricuspid valve
- Right and left atrial shunting
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Enlarged right atrium
- Deviation of the atrial septum to the left
- Fetal hydrops (secondary to cardiac failure)

59
Q

sonographic findings of coartion of the aorta

A
  • Narrowing of the aortic arch
  • Right ventricular enlargement
  • Pulmonary artery enlargement
60
Q

sonographic findings of tetralogy of fallot

A

Overriding aortic root
- VSD
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Right ventricular hypertrophy

61
Q

sonographic findings of transposition of the great vessels

A
  • The pulmonary artery abnormally arises from the left ventricle, and the aorta abnormally arises from the right ventricle.
  • The outflow tracts will be positioned parallel to each other rather than crisscrossing.
  • VSD may be present
62
Q

An echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) is most often seen within the ________________________.

A

left ventricle of the heart

63
Q

sonographic findings of an echogenic intracardia focus

A

Echogenic structure most commonly located within the left ventricle

64
Q

Rhabdomyoma tumors are locared within the myocardium of the heart and are associated with

A

tuberous sclerosis, eventual cardiac failure, and subsequent development of fetal hydrops

65
Q

onographic findings of rhabdomyoma

A
  • Echogenic tumor(s) within the myocardium of the heart
66
Q

The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the

A

Rhabdomyoma

67
Q

sonographic findings of pericardial effusion

A

Anechoic fluid surrounding the heart

68
Q

________________________is a group of anomalies that combines ectopic cordis and an existing omphalocele

A

PENTALOGY OF CANTRELL

69
Q

functional fetal lung tissue does not typically exist until after __________

A

25 weeks `

70
Q

sonographic findings of pleural effusion

A
  • Anechoic fluid surrounding the fetal lung(s) - “bat-wing” sign
  • Other signs of hydrops may be present
71
Q

sonographic findings of cystic adenomatoid

A
  • Lung mass with varying degrees of cystic and solid components
  • Completely echogenic mass within the lungs
  • Pleural effusion may be present
72
Q

sonographic findings of sonographic sequestration (extrapulmonary sequestration)

A
  • Echogenic, triangular-shaped mass within the fetal chest
  • Pleural effusion may be present
73
Q

The most common location of a diaphragmatic hernia is on the ________________ This type may also be referred to as a Bochdalek hernia.

A

left side

74
Q

sonographic findings of diaphragmatic hernia

A
  • Malposition of the heart
  • Anechoic stomach bubble noted adjacent to the fetal heart in the four-chamber heart view
  • Other abdominal organs, including the liver, pancreas, and spleen, may be located along the chest
75
Q

what is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm?
a. foramen of Bochdalek
b. foramen of Morgagni
c. foramen of Monro
d. foramen ovale

A

B

76
Q

what is the opening located right anteromedially within the diaphragm?
a. foramen of Bochdalek
b. foramen of Morgagni
c. foramen of Monro
d. foramen ovale

A

c

77
Q

a group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent right ventricle is:
a. turner syndrome
b. hypoplastic right heart syndrome
c. hypoplastic left heart syndrome
d. coarctation of the aorta

A

b

78
Q

all of the following are sonographic signs of ebstein anomaly except:
a. enlarged right atrium
b. fetal hydrops
c. narrowing of the aortic arch
d. malpositioned tricuspid vale

A

C

79
Q

what is an opening within the septum that separates the right and left ventricles?
a. endocardial cushion
b. tricuspid regeneration
c. VSD
d. ASD

A

C

80
Q

what is an opening within the septum that separates the right and left ventricles?
a. endocardial cushion
b. tricuspid regeneration
c. VSD
d. ASD

A

B

81
Q

an EIF is most often seen within the:
a. right atrium
b. left atrium
c. right ventricle
d. left ventricle

A

D

82
Q

what is the term for underdevelopment of the lungs?
a. pulmonary atresia
b. pulmonary stenosis
c. pulmonary agenesis
d. pulmonary hypoplasia

A

D

83
Q

an EIF would most likely be associated with:
a. trisomy 21
b. trisomy 13
c. trisomy 8
d. turner syndrome

A

A

84
Q

the most common fetal cardiac tumor is the:
a. rhabdomyoma
b. chordae tendineae
c. cardiomyoma
d. CAM

A

a

85
Q

all of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of cantrell except:
a. omphalocele
b. gastroschisis
c. cleft sternum
d. diaphragmatic defect

A

B

86
Q

what is the fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch?
a. foramen ovale
b. ductus arteriosis
c. ductus venosis
d. foramen of bochdalek

A

B

87
Q

the accumulation of fluid around the lung is termed:
a. ascites
b. extracorporeal effusion
c. peripleural fluid
d. pleural effusion

A

D

88
Q

the normal heart will fill approximately _____ of the fetal chest
a. one half
b. one fourth
c. one fifth
d. one third

A

D

89
Q

the condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed:
a. CAM
b. coarctation of the heart
c. cardiac sequestration
d. ectopic cordis

A

D

90
Q

the most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the:
a. foramen of margagni
b. foramen of magendie
c. foramen of luschka
d. foramen of bochdalek

A

D

91
Q

the moderator band is located within the:
a. right atrium
b. left atrium
c. right ventricle
d. left ventricle

A

C

92
Q

the most common cause of cardiac malposition is:
a. diaphragmatic hernia
b. omphalocele
c. gastroschisis
d. pulmonary hypoplasia

A

A

93
Q

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:
a. pulmonary adenomatoid malformation
b. pulmonary sequestration
c. CAM
d. bat wing sign

A

b

94
Q

A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:
a. pulmonary adenomatoid malformation
b. pulmonary sequestration
c. CAM
d. bat wing sign

A

b

95
Q

the most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a(n):
a. dilated pulmonary artery and hypoechoic chest mass
b. pleural effusion and ipsilateral hiatal hernia
c. triangular, echogenic mass within the chest
d. anechoic mass within the chest

A

c

96
Q

the embryonic heart begins as:
a. two tubes
b. four tubes
c. eight tubes
d. one tube

A

a

97
Q

tetralogy of fallot consists of all of the following except:
a. overriding aortic root
b. VSD
c. pulmonary stenosis
d. left ventricular hypertrophy

A

d

98
Q

Eventration of the diaphragm is best described as:
a. a lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm
b. a defect in the anterior lateral wall of the diaphragm
c. a defect in the posterolateral wall of the diaphragm
d. congenital absence of the diaphragm

A

A

99
Q

the visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of
a. pulmonary sequestration
b. diaphragmatic hernia
c. turner syndrome
d. CAM

A

B

100
Q

the sonographic “bat-wing” sign is indicative of:
a. pericardial effusion
b. pulmonary atresia
c. pleural effusion
d. endocardial cushion defect

A

C

101
Q

the mitral valve is located:
a. between the right atrium and the left atrium
b. between the right ventricle and the right atrium
c. between the left ventricle and the left atrium
d. between the left atrium and the aorta

A

C

102
Q

Which statement is true concerning fetal outflow tracts?
a. the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it
b. the normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it
c. the right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta
d. the left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery

A

B

103
Q

fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the:
a. LS ratio
b. systolic to diastolic ratio
c. estriol to alpha-fetoprotein ratio
d. lung size formula

A

A

104
Q

hich of the following are fetal rhabdomyomas associated with?
a. tracheoesophageal fistulas
b. tuberous sclerosis
c. eventration of the diaphragm
d. tuberculosis

A

B

105
Q

which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect?
a. hypoplastic right heart syndrome
b. transposition of the great vessels
c. hypoplastic left heart syndrome
d. VSD

A

D

106
Q

what is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?
a. foramen of magendie
b. foramen of monro
c. foramen ovale
d. ductus arteriosus

A

C

107
Q

what structure shunts blood into the IVC from the umbilical vein?
a. ductus venosus
b. ductus arteriosus
c. foramen ovale
d. foramen of lushka

A

A

108
Q

which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart?
a. the ventricular septum should be uninterrupted and of equal thickened of the left ventricular wall
b. there is a normal opening within the atrial septum
c. between the right ventricle and the right atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve
d. the mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve

A

D

109
Q

The blood returning form the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the:
a. right atrium
b. left atrium
c. right ventricle
d. left ventricle

A

B

110
Q

which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart?
a. the apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline
b. the apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine
c. the normal fetal heart will fill approx 2/3 of the fetal chest
d. the chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium

A

D

111
Q

The fetal heart is fully formed by:
A. 2 weeks
b. 4 weeks
c. 8 weeks
d. 10 weeks

A

d

112
Q

a coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of

A

c. fetal hydros

113
Q

which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels?
a. the aorta arises from the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle
b. the aortic arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
c. the aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein
d. the presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis

A

B

Penny - OB CH (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions