Chapter 18 - The ovaries & fallopian Tubes

Question 1

the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube

Answer 1

ampulla

Question 2

small benign ovarian tumors

Answer 2

Brenners tumors

Question 3

another name for endometriomas

Answer 3

chocolate cysts

Question 4

hairlike projections within the fallopian tube

Answer 4

cilia

Question 5

the remaining structure of the corpus luteum after its deterioation

Answer 5

corpus albicans

Question 6

temporary endocrine gland that results from rupture of the Graafian follicle after ovulation

Answer 6

Corpus luteum

Question 7

physiologic cyst that develops after ovulation has occured

Answer 7

corpus luteum cyst

Question 8

the corpus luteum that is maintained during an early preganncy for the purpose of producing estrogen and primarily progesterone

Answer 8

corpus luteum of pregnancy

Question 9

structure that contains teh developing oocyte

Answer 9

cumulus oophorus

Question 10

benign ovarian mass that is composed of three germ cell layers ; also referred to as a dermoid cyst

Answer 10

cystic teratoma

Question 11

a small cyst within a large cyst

Answer 11

daughter cyst

Question 12

another name for a cystic teratoma

Answer 12

dermoid cyst

Question 13

mass of hair within a cystic teratoma

Answer 13

dermoid mesh

Question 14

part of a dermoid tumor that contains various tissues and may produce posterior shadowing during a sonographic examination

Answer 14

dermoid plug

Question 15

the outer germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the skin hair and nails and other structures

Answer 15

ectoderm

Question 16

a typically malignant ovarian tumor that is often associated with a history of endometrial cancer, endometriosis and endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 16

endomertroid tumor

Question 17

benign, blood containing tumor that forms from the implantation of ectopic endometrial tissue; tumor associated with endometriosis

Answer 17

endometrioma

Question 18

functional ectopic , endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

Answer 18

endometriosis

Question 19

an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor found in middle-aged women

Answer 19

fibroma

Question 20

the fingerlike extension of the fallopian tube located on the infundibulum

Answer 20

fimbria

Question 21

hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that causes the development of multiple follicles on the ovaries

Answer 21

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 22

ovarian cyst that forms as a result of the failure of the graafian follicle to ovulate

Answer 22

follicular cyst

Question 23

a type of neoplasm derived from germ cells of the gonads; may also be found outside the reproductive tract

Answer 23

germ cell tumor

Question 24

a disease associated with an abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic cells during pregnancy ; may also be referred to as a molar pregnancy

Answer 24

gestational trophoblastic disease

Question 25

the name for the dominant follicle prior to ovulation

Answer 25

Graafian follicle

Question 26

blood within the fallopian tube

Answer 26

hematosalpinx

Question 27

a cyst that contains blood

Answer 27

hemorrhagic cyst

Question 28

hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta ; may also be used a tumor marker in nongravid patients and males

Answer 28

human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 29

the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the fallopian tube

Answer 29

hydrosalpinx

Question 30

excessive vomitting

Answer 30

hyperemesis

Question 31

a radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

Answer 31

hysterosalpingography

Question 32

the distal segment of the fallopian tube

Answer 32

infundibulum

Question 33

the segment of the fallopian tube that lies within the uterine (cornua)

Answer 33

interstitial

Question 34

tube: the segment of the fallopian tube that is located between the interstitial and ampulla; uterus; area of the uterus between the corpus and cervix

Answer 34

isthmus

Question 35

malignant ovarian tumor that metastasizes from most likely the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 35

Krukenburg tumor

Question 36

destruction or breaking down (ex : hemolysis the breaking down of blood components)

Answer 36

lysis

Question 37

developing into cancer

Answer 37

malignant degeneration

Question 38

the germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the circulatory system, muscles, reproductive system and other structures

Answer 38

Mesoderm

Question 39

pelvic pain at the time of ovulation

Answer 39

mittelschmerz

Question 40

the creation of an ovum

Answer 40

oogenesis

Question 41

surgical removal of an ovarian cyst

Answer 41

ovarian cystectomy

Question 42

a syndrome resulting from hyperstimulation of the ovaries by fertility drugs results in the development of multiple, enlarged follicular ovarian cysts

Answer 42

ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Question 43

the release of the mature egg from the ovary

Answer 43

ovulation

Question 44

small protrusion of tissues

Answer 44

papillary projections

Question 45

leiomyoma (fibroid) that extends dfrom uterus on a stalk

Answer 45

pedunculated uterine leiomyoma

Question 46

contraction that move in a wavelike patter to propel a substance

Answer 46

peristalsis

Question 47

inflammation of the peritoneal lining

Answer 47

peritonitis

Question 48

secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources like ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors or steroid use

Answer 48

pseudoprecocious puberty

Question 49

the presence of pus within the fallopian tube

Answer 49

pyosalpinx

Question 50

inflammation of the fallopian tubes

Answer 50

salpingitis

Question 51

an oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands

Answer 51

sebum

Question 52

a partition seperating two or more cavities

Answer 52

septations

Question 53

malignant sex cord stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization

Answer 53

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Question 54

tumor marker that is elevated in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma and other abdominal abnormaliities

Answer 54

serum lactate dehydrogenase

Question 55

ovarian tumors that arise from the gonadal ridges

Answer 55

sex cord-stromal tumors

Question 56

a sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and fallopain tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

Answer 56

sonohysterography

Question 57

functional ovarian cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin; also referred theca luteal cyst

Answer 57

theca lutein cysts

Question 58

benign ovarian sex. cord-stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older women

Answer 58

thecoma

Question 59

denotes the sonographic appearance of a cystic teratoma (dermoid) when only the anterior element of the mass is seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing

Answer 59

“tip of the iceberg” sign

Question 60

an indicator of the torsed ovarian pedicle adjacent to the ovary appearing as a round mass with concentric hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings that demonstrates a swirling color doppler signature

Answer 60

whirlpool sign

Question 61

(ovary) malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary

Answer 61

yolk sac tumor

Question 62

In utero, the ovaries form in the

Answer 62

upper abdomen & descend into the pelvis in utero

Question 63

the ovaries have dual blood supply from the …

Answer 63

ovarian and uterine arteries

Question 64

the ovaries release whic hhormones

Answer 64

• estrogen

- progesterone

Question 65

The ovary consists of an outer __ and inner __

Answer 65

Cortex

medulla

Question 66

The medulla contains _

Answer 66

the ovarian vasculature and lymphatics s

Question 67

The cortex involves the mass of the ovary and is the site of __

Answer 67

oogenesis

Question 68

The ovaries are stimulated by ___

Answer 68

follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 69

FSH is produced by ___

Answer 69

the anterior pituitary gland

Question 70

The first half of the menstrual cycle is called

Answer 70

the follicular phase

Question 71

The dominant follicle is also known as the

Answer 71

The graafian follicle

Question 72

All follicles except the dominant follicle will become

Answer 72

Atrophy

Question 73

the cumulus oophorus can be seen sonographically as a

Answer 73

daughter cyst

Question 74

Ovulation occurs approximately on day

Answer 74

14

Question 75

The fluid from the ruptured follicle most often will settle in the

Answer 75

Rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

Question 76

After the graafian follicle has ruptured its structure is converted into the ___

Answer 76

corpus luteum

Question 77

The second half of the menstrual cycle is called

Answer 77

the luteal phase

Question 78

If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained and become

Answer 78

the corpus luteum of pregnancy

Question 79

if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses and becomes

Answer 79

the corpus albicans

Question 80

typical ovarian flow is said to be ______ during the menstrual and proliferative phases

Answer 80

high-resistant

Question 81

typical ovarian flow is said to be at ______mid cycle

Answer 81

low-resistant

Question 82

Ovarian volume can be determined with the formula

Answer 82

volume = length x width x height x 0.52332

Question 83

Postmenopausal ovaries…

Answer 83

Atrophy

Question 84

Should the graffian follicle fail to ovulate, it could continue to enlarge and result in a

Answer 84

follicular cyst

Question 85

Follicular cysts range in size from ____ to ____ cm

Answer 85

3

8

Question 86

The most common masses seen during a first-trimester sonographic examination

Answer 86

Corpus luteum of pregnancy

Question 87

Corpus luteum of pregnancy often resolve by ___ weeks gestation and do not exceed —- cm

Answer 87

16

3

Question 88

The largest and least common of functional cysts

Answer 88

Theca lutein cysts

Question 89

The most common benign ovarian tumor

Answer 89

Cystic teratoma or dermoid cyst

Question 90

____ Results from the retention of an unfertilized ovum that differntiates into three germ cell layers

Answer 90

dermoids

Question 91

Germ cell tumors are composed of ____ and

Answer 91

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

Question 92

Dermoids are most often found in___

Answer 92

reproductive age group but may also be found in post-menopausal patients

Question 93

The sonographic sign shows only the anterior element of the mass while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing

Answer 93

“tip of the iceberg”

Question 94

Various tissues that is the source of posterior shadowing

Answer 94

Dermoid plug

Question 95

The visualization of hair within a mass

Answer 95

dermoid mesh

Question 96

Most often found in postmenopausal women and may be associated with Meigs Syndrome

Answer 96

thecoma

Question 97

The most common estrogenic tumor

Answer 97

granulosa cell tumor

Question 98

Unlike thecomas _____ are not associated with hormone (estrogen) production

Answer 98

FIbromas

Question 99

Ectopic endometrial tissue is

Answer 99

Functional

Question 100

The hormones of menstruation act on the ectopic tissue just as if it were located within the uterus, causing it to..

Answer 100

Hemorrhage

Question 101

Hemorrhage from endometriosis forms into focal areas of blood tumors known as

Answer 101

endometriomas

Question 102

The lesions have been termed “chocolate cyst” because of their blood content

Answer 102

Endometriomas

Question 103

Endmetriomas are most commonly found ___

Answer 103

on the ovary

Question 104

Serous cystadenomas are small/large and are often unilateral/bilateral

Answer 104

large,bilateral

Question 105

Serous cystadenomas appear sonographically as

Answer 105

predominately anechoic lesion that contains septations and or papillary projections

Question 106

Which of the two are typically the largest

Serous or Mucinous

Answer 106

Mucinous

Question 107

Mucinous cystadenomas are not often unilateral/bilateral

Answer 107

bilateral

Question 108

What is the most common malignnacy of the ovary

Answer 108

serious cystadenocarcinoma

Question 109

A serous cystadenocarcinoma looks similar to its benign counterpart with an exception

Answer 109

there appears to be more prominent papillary projections and thicker septations

Question 110

In a serous cystadenocarcinoma cast, pt may have an elevated

Answer 110

Ca-125 level

Question 111

The mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is associated with a condition known as

Answer 111

Psudeomyxoma peritonei

Question 112

A malignant tumor that metastzised from the GI tract, most freqquently the stomach

Answer 112

Krukenberg tumor

Question 113

A sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is also known as

Answer 113

Androblastoma

Question 114

a sex cord stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization abnormal menstruation and hirsutism

Answer 114

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

Question 115

The most common malignant germ cell tumor

Answer 115

Dysgerminoma

Question 116

Dysgerminoms arise more often in patients …

Answer 116

younger then 30 years of age

Question 117

Children with ovarian dysgerminomas may present with …. and have an elevation in

Answer 117

precocious puberty

serum HCG levels

Question 118

The tumor marker used for dysgerminoma is an elevation in

Answer 118

Serum lactate dehydrogenase

Question 119

The testicular equilvanet of an ovarian dysgerminoma

Answer 119

seminoma

Question 120

The second most common malignant germ cell tumor

Answer 120

yolk sac tumor

Question 121

The yolk tumor is also known occurs in females..

Answer 121

younger than 20 years

Question 122

Yolk sac tumors are highly and carries a —–

Answer 122

malignant, poor prognosis

Question 123

patients with yolk sac tumors present with an elevation

Answer 123

serum-apla-fetoprotein (AFP)

Question 124

The doppler analysis of a malignant ovarian masses often reveal ____

Answer 124

higher diastolic flow

Question 125

vessels found in ovarian carcinoma often lack _______ and thus produce a less resitive waveform pattern

Answer 125

Smooth muscle

Question 126

tumor is confined to the ovary

Answer 126

Stage 1

Question 127

tumor involves one or both of the ovaries with pelvic extension

Answer 127

Stage 2

Question 128

tumor involbes one or both ovaries with confirmed peritoneal metastatis outside of the pelvis/ and or regional lymph node involvemnet

Answer 128

Stage 3

Question 129

distant metastasis beyond the peritoneal caivty

Answer 129

Stage 4

Question 130

Ovarian torsion occurs most often on the ____ side

Answer 130

right

Question 131

The most common cause of ovarian torsion is ____

Answer 131

cyst or mass

Question 132

Also referred to as oviducts, uterine tubes, or salpinges

Answer 132

Fallopain tubes

Question 133

An endometrioma most likely appears as a :

a) simple, anechoic mass with through transmission
b) complex mass with internal shadowing components
c) mostly cystic mass with low level echoes
d) solid, hyperechoic shadowing mass

Answer 133

C

Question 134

With what ovarian tumor is Meigs syndrome most likely associated?

a) dysgerminoma
b) cystic teratoma
c) fibroma
d) yolk sac tumor

Answer 134

C - fibroma

Question 135

Sonographically which of the following would most likely be confused for a pedunculated fibroid tumor because of its solid appearing structure?

a) serous cystadenoma
b) mucinous cystadenoma
c) fibroma
d) theca lutein cyst

Answer 135

C

Question 136

During the pelvic US you visualize a small cyst located adjacent to the ovary. What is the most likely etiology of this cyst?

a) dermoid cyst
b) ovarian cystadenoma
c) endometrioma
d) paraovarian cyst

Answer 136

D

Question 137

The most common benign ovarian tumor is the:

a) cystic teratoma
b) mucinous cystadenoma
c) fibroma
d) sertoli-leydig cell tumor

Answer 137

Cystic teratoma

Question 138

The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth?

a) dermoid
b) fibroma
c) mucinous cystadenoma
d) yolk sac tumor

Answer 138

A

Question 139

The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly elevated levels of HCG are the:

a) corpus luteum cyst
b) paraovarian cysts
c) granulosa cell cyst
d) theca lutein cyst

Answer 139

D

Question 140

The cystic mass commonly noted with a pregnancy is the:

a) corpus luteum
b) dermoid cyst
c) dysgerminoma
d) serous cystadenoma

Answer 140

A

Question 141

The sonographic appearance of an ovarian dermoid tumor in which only the anterior elements of the mass can be seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing is consistent with:

a) whirlpool sign
b) tip of the iceburg
c) dermoid mesh sign
d) dermoid plug sign

Answer 141

B

Question 142

The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the:

a) graafian follicle
b) corpus albicans
c) corpus luteum
d) medulla

Answer 142

A

Question 143

After the graffian follicle ruptures the remaining structure is termed the

a) graafian remnant
b) corpus albicans
c) corpus luteum
d) theca lutein cyst

Answer 143

C

Question 144

Which of the following is the correct formula for evaluating ovarian volume?

Answer 144

length x width x heigjt x 0.5233

Question 145

Which of the following sono finds would not increase the likelihood of an ovarian malignancy?

a) septation measuring > 3 mm in thickness
b) irregular borders
c) solid wall nodule
d) anechoic components with acoustic enhancement

Answer 145

d

Question 146

Normal ovarian flow is said to be :

a) low resistant during the menstruation and high resistant during the proliferative phase
b) high resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation
c) low resistant
d) high resistant

Answer 146

b

Question 147

What would be a predisposing condition that would increase the risk for suffering from ovarian torsion?

a) hirtutism
b) excessive exercise
c) ovarian mass
d) sonohisterography

Answer 147

c

Question 148

The malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the:

a) brenner tumor
b) krukenburg tumor
c) yolk sac tumor
d) granulosa cell tumor

Answer 148

b

Question 149

The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the;

a) dysgerminoma
b) sertoli leydig cell tumor
c) serous cystadenocarcinoma
d) mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 149

d

Question 150

All of the following adenxal masses may appear sonographically similar to a uterine leiomyoma except:

a) thecoma
b) paraovarian cyst
c) fibroma
d) granulosa cell tumor

Answer 150

b

Question 151

Which of the following is also referred to as a chocolate cyst ?

a) endometrioma
b) endometroid
c) cystic teratoma
d) androblastoma

Answer 151

a

Question 152

The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the :

a) dysgerminoma
b) sertoli leydig tumor
c) androblastoma
d) ucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 152

a

Question 153

Which of the following is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue ?

a) brenner tumor
b) cystic teratoma
c) yolk sac tumor
d) endometrioma

Answer 153

d

Question 154

What ovarian mass is associated with virilization?

a) krukenburg tumor
b) cystic teratoma
c) serous cystadenoma
d) sertoli leydig tumor

Answer 154

d

Question 155

A 24 YOF presents with severe rlq pain, nausea, vomiting,. The us shows an enlarged ovary with no doppler signal. What is this most likely to be?

a) ovarian cystadenocarcinoma
b) cystic teratoma
c) ovarian torsion
d) endometriosis

Answer 155

c

Question 156

Which of the following is an estrogen producing ovarian tumor?

a) cystic teratoma
b) fibroma
c) thecoma
d) endometrioma

Answer 156

c

Question 157

What ovarian tumor will most likely ave a moth eaten appearance on sono?

a) cystic teratoma
b) serous cystadenocarcinoma
c) krukenburg tumor
d) sertoli leydig tumor

Answer 157

c

Question 158

A 55 YOF presents with pelvic pressure, abd swelling, and abnormal bleeding. Us reveals a large multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a) serous cystadenocarcinoma
b) cystic teratoma
c) anroblastoma
d) dysgerminoma

Answer 158

a

Question 159

A patient with an ovarian mass presents with elevated ms-afp. Which would be most likely?

a) ovarian fibroma
b) ovarian thecoma
c) dermoid cyst
d) yolk sac tumor

Answer 159

d

Question 160

The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the:

a) corpus luteum cyst
b) theca lutein cyst
c) dermoid cyst
d) paraovarian cyst

Answer 160

b

Question 161

Pus within the fallopian tube is termed:

a) hematosalpinx
b) pyosalpinx
c) hydrosalpinx
d) hemosalpinx

Answer 161

b

Question 162

Which of the following is the most common malignancy of the ovary ?

a) cystic teratoma
b) serous cystadeoncarcinoma
c) krukenburg tumor
d) sertoli leydig tumor

Answer 162

b

Question 163

The short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the:

a) ampulla
b) fimbria
c) infundibulum
d) isthmus

Answer 163

d

Question 164

The fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube are called:

a) fimbria
b) infundibulum
c) cilia
d) ampulla

Answer 164

a

Question 165

The longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube:

a) frimbria
b) ampulla
c) isthmus
d) interstitial

Answer 165

b

Question 166

Blood within the fallopian tube is termed:

a) hydrosalpinx
b) hematosalpinx
c) pyosalpinx
d) hemosalpinx

Answer 166

b

Question 167

Hairlike projections within the the fallopian tube are called:

a) fimbria
b) interstitial
c) cilia
d) peristalsis

Answer 167

c

Question 168

The inner wall layer of the fallopian tube is the :

a) muscular layer
b) mucosal layer
c) myometrial layer
d) serosal layer

Answer 168

b

Question 169

The most distal part of the fallopian tube is the :

a) cornu
b) ampulla
c) interstitial
d) infundibulum

Answer 169

d

Question 170

The segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization occurs typically is the :

a) cornu
b) fimbria
c) interstitial
d) ampulla

Answer 170

d

Question 171

What substance does hysterosalpingography utilize for visualization of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes ?

a) saline
b) radiographic contrast
c) water
d) betadine

Answer 171

a

Question 172

Which of the following is associated with the whirlpool sign?

a) ovarian torsion
b) hydrosalpinx
c) ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
d) ovarian carcinoma

Answer 172

a