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Penny - OB CH > Chapter 25 Fetal Face & Neck > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Fetal Face & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Lateral wall of the orbit to the medial wall of the same orbit

A

ocular diameter

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2
Q

Length between the orbits ; measured from the medial margin of one orbit to the medial margin of the other orbitchromosomes

A

interlocular diameter

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3
Q

Measurement from the lateral margin of one orbit to the lateral margin of the other orbitlinked with abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations including trisomy 13 and trisomy 18

A

Binocular diameter

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4
Q

Decrease in the size of the eye

A

Micropthalmia

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5
Q

Absence of the eyes

A

Anopthalmia

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6
Q

How does anopthlamia result

A

failure of the optic vesicle from

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7
Q

increased distance between the orbits

A

hypertelelorism

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8
Q

the abnormal development of the soft/and or hard palate of the mouth where there is a division in a palate

A

cleft palate

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9
Q

fusion of the orbits

A

cyclopia

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10
Q

a mass typically found I the neck region that is the result of an abnormal accumulation of lypmathic fluid within the soft tissue

A

cystic hygroma

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11
Q

abrnomal swelling of a structure as a result of fluid collection

A

edema

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12
Q

an oral teratoma

A

epignathus

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13
Q

a condition in which there is no nose and a proboscis separating two close-set orbits, associated with holoprosencephaly

A

ethmocephaly

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14
Q

diffuse enlargement of the fetal thyroid gland

A

fetal goiter

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15
Q

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities

A

fetla hydros

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16
Q

a group of brain abnormalities. consisting of varying degrees of fusion of the lateral ventricles absence of the midline structure and associated facial anomalies

A

holoprosencephaly

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17
Q

increase distance between the orbits widely space orbits

A

hypertelerosim

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18
Q

reduced distance between the orbits

A

hypotelorism

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19
Q

the length between the orbits measured from the media margin of one orbit to the medial margin of the other orbit

A

interocular diameter

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20
Q

an unusual protuberance of the tongue

A

macroglossia

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21
Q

a small mandible and recessed chin

A

micrigfnathia

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22
Q

a decrease in the size of the eye

A

microphtalmia

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23
Q

small ears

A

microtia

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24
Q

posterior part or nape of there neck

A

nuchal

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25
Q

a collection of solid tissue on the posterior aspect of the fetal neck

A

nuchal fold

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26
Q

a measurement taken in the second trimester of the skin on the posterior aspect of the fetral neck

A

nuchal fold thickness

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27
Q

the anechoic space along the posterior aspect of the fetal neck

A

nuchal translucency

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28
Q

the measurement from the lateral margin of the orbit to the medial margin of the same orbit

A

ocular diameter

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29
Q

a tumor that typically consists of several germ layers

A

teratoma

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30
Q

beggnign congenital cysts located within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland and near the hyoid bone

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

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31
Q

a chromosomal aberration where one sec chromosome is absent, may also be referred to as monosomy X

A

turner syndrome

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32
Q

Macroglossia ___ is most commonly associated with

A

Beckweith - Wiedermann syndrome

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33
Q

Micrognathia is associated with what two Trisomies

A

Trisomy 13 and 18

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34
Q

Sonographic findings of a cystic hygroma ?

A
  1. cystic mass divided in the midline by a thick fibrous band of tissue
  2. The mass may contain smaller cystic areas with internal separations
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35
Q

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly is ?

A

Trisomy 13

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36
Q

The fetal lip closes by ___

A

8 weeks

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37
Q

The most common cause of hypertelorism is

A

Anterior cepalocele

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38
Q

Cleft lip & cleft palate may exist with which of the following factors

A
  1. amniotic band syndrome
  2. holoprosencephaly
  3. trisomy 13
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39
Q

The optimal scan plane to visualize micrognathia is

A

Sagittal

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40
Q

A cystic hygroma is the result of

A

An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

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41
Q

A cystic hygroma is found in all the following conditions except
-Edwards syndrome
-Hydrancephaly
-Turner Syndrome
-All of the above

A

Hydranencephaly

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42
Q

Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with

A

Down syndrome

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43
Q

Micrognathia ia condition found in

A

Trisomy 18

44
Q

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the

A

Neck

45
Q

An unusal protuberance of the tongue is termed

A

Macroglossia

46
Q

Facial anomalies when discovered should prompt the Sonographer to the analyze the brain closely for signs of

A

Holoprosencephaly

47
Q

A large, mostly cystic mass is noted in the cervical spine region of the fetus. This most likely represents

A

Cystic hygroma

48
Q

What is another name for Patau syndrome

A

Trisomy 13

49
Q

Close-set and a nose with a single nostril is termed

A

Cebocephaly

50
Q

An abnormal division in the lip is refereed to as

A

Cleft lips

51
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR TRISOMY 21

A

DOWN SYNDROME

52
Q

The thickness of the nuchal fold in the 2nd trimester should not exceed

A

6mm

53
Q

All of the following are sonographic findings of holoprosencephaly except?
-cystic hygroma
-proboscis with cyclopia
-fused thalamus
-monoventricle

A

Cystic hygroma

54
Q

The palate closes by

A

12 weeks

55
Q

nuchal translucency is typically measured when?

A

between 11 and 14 weeks

56
Q

nuchal fold is measured anywhere between ______ weeks and _____ weeks?

A

15-19 weeks

57
Q

Congenital anomalies of the face affect 1 in ___ births

A

600

58
Q

What are 5 congenital anomalies of the face ?

A

Cleft lip, hypotelorism , hypertelrosim, micrognathia, cleft palate

59
Q

After how many weeks do we need to image the face as part of a routine protocol

A

after 12 weeks

60
Q

What images can be taken in the coronal view

A

Orbits
Face
Nose/lips

61
Q

WHat images can be taken in the transverse view

A

Orbits

62
Q

What images can be taken in the long view

A

profile

63
Q

Most common facial anomaly

A

cleft lip

64
Q

is it hard to asses clef lip or cleft palate on u/s

A

cleft palate

65
Q

The absence of the eyes is termed

A
66
Q

The isolated enlargement of the fetal thyroid is referred to as
A. fetal goiter
B. cystic hygroma
C. lyphamgnioma
D. cervical teratoma

A

A

67
Q

The absence of the eyes is termed;:

A. Agyria
B. Epignathus
C. Hypotelorism
D. Anophthalmia
D. Anophthalmia

A

D

68
Q

A reduction in the distance between the orbits is referred to as

A. Anophthalmia
B. Micrognathia
C. Hypertelorism
D. Hypotelorism
D. Hypotelorism

A

D

69
Q

An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with:

A. Dandy walker syndrome
B. Trisomy 21
C. Trisomy 3
D. Nuchal cord

A

B

70
Q

The most frequently encountered chromosomal abnormality associated with holoprosencephaly:

A. Triploidy
B. Trisomy 21
C. Trisomy 18
D. Trisomy 13

A

D

71
Q

What is the term for a smaller than normal ear?

A. Microphthalmia
B. Micronathia
C. Microtia
D. Micrognathia

A

C

72
Q

The fetal lip typically closes by

A. 18 weeks
B. 8 weeks
C. 13 weeks
D. 6 weeks

A

B. 8 weeks

73
Q

The most common cause of hypertelorism is:

A. Dandy-Walker malformation
B. Anencephaly
C. Anterior cephalocele
D. Holoprosencepphaly

A

C

74
Q

Macroglossia is most commonly found with:

A. Anencephaly
B. Holoprosencephaly
C. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrom
D. Cystic hygroma

A

C

75
Q

An oral teratoma is referred to as:

A. Macroglossia
B. Epignathus
C. Micrognathia
D. Ethmocephaly

A

B

76
Q

There is a definite link between microtia and what syndrom?

A. Rays syndrome
B. VACTERL syndrome
C. Down syndrome
D. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

A

C

77
Q

Which of the following would be most difficult to detect sonographically?

A. Cleft lip and cleft palate
B. Isolated cleft lip
C. Isolation cleft palate
D. Isolated median cleft

A

C

78
Q

An increase distance between the orbits is referred to as:

A. Hypotelorism
B. Hypertelorism
C. Anophthalmia
D. Micrognathia

A

B

79
Q

The optimal scan plane to visualized micrognathia is:

A. Transverse
B. Axial
C. Sagittal
D. Coronal

A

C

80
Q

A cystic hygroma is the result of:

A. Alcohol consumption in the first trimester
B. An abnormal developement of the roof of the fourth ventricle
C. Occlusion of the internal carotid arteries
D. An abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

A

D

81
Q

Which of following would most likely involve the development of a cystic hygroma?

A. Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome
B. Hydranencephaly
C. Turner syndrome
D. Klinefelter syndrome

A

C

82
Q

Which of the following may also be referred to as Turner syndrome?

A. Down syndrome
B. Trisomy 15
C. Trisomy 13
D. Trisomy X

A

D

83
Q

Nuchal thickening is most commonly associated with:

A. Patau syndrome
B.Hydranenceephaly
C. Down dyndrome
D. Cebocephaly

A

C

84
Q

Micrognathia is a condition found in:

A) Dandy-Walker complex
B) Hydranencephaly
C) Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
D) Trisomy 18

A

D

85
Q

The most common location of a cystic hygroma is within the:

A. Axilla
B. Neck
C. Chest
D. Groin

A

B

86
Q

An absent or hypoplastic nasal bone is most likely associated with:

A. Trisomy 21
B. Trisomy 15
C. Trisomy 18
D. Turner syndrome

A

A

87
Q

An unusual protuberance of the tongue is termed:

A) Epignathus
B) Macrognathia
C) Pharyngoglossia
D) Macroglossia

A

D

88
Q

Facial anomalies, when discovered,should prompt the sonographer to analyze the brain closely for signs of:

A. Holoprosencephaly
B. Dandy-Walker malformation
C. Schizencephaly
D. Hydranencephaly

A

A

89
Q

The measurement obtained between the laterall walls of the orbits is referred to as the:

A. Interocular diameter
B. Binocular diameter
C. Ocular diameter
D. Biparietal diameter

A

B

90
Q

Which of the following is a benign congenital neck cyst found most often near the angle of the mandible?

A. Epignathus
B. Brachial cleft cyst
C. Thyroglossal duct cyst
D. Fetal goiter

A

B

91
Q

A large, mostly cystic mass containing a thick, midline sectarian is noted in the cervical spine region of the fetus. This must likely represents a(n):

A. Sacrococcygeal terstoma
B. Cystic hygroma
C. Cephocele
D. Anophthalmia

A

B

92
Q

a group of abnormalities associated with the entrapment of fetal parts and fetal amputations is:
A. Cystic hygroma
B. Edward’s syndrome
C. Ethmocephaly
D. Amniotic band syndrome

A

D

93
Q

A growth disorder syndrome synonymous with organ, skull, and tongue enlargement is:
A. Klinefelter syndrome
B. Apert syndrome
C. Meckle-Gruber syndrome
D. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

A

D

94
Q

Which of the following is also referred to as Patau syndrome

A. Trisomy 18
B. Trisomy 21
C. Trisomy 12
D. Trisomy 13

A

D

95
Q

Close set eyes and a nose with a single nostril is termed:

A) Cebocephaly
B) Cyclopia
C) Ethmocephaly
D) Epignathus

A

A

96
Q

which of the following conditions does not affect the orbits?

A. Cebocephaly
B. Cyclopia
C. Ethmocephaly
D. Epignathus

A

D

97
Q

An abnormal division in the lip is referred to as
A. micrognathia
B. cleft lip
C. anophtalmia
D. cebocephaly

A

B

98
Q

At what level is the nuchal fold measurement obtained?
A. cavum septum pellucid
B. occipital horns of the lateral ventricle
C. brain stem
D. foramen magna

A

A

99
Q

Fusion of the orbits is termed
A. microglossia
B. cebocephaly
C. cyclopia
D. ethomocephaly

A

C

100
Q

WHat also referred to as trisomy 21

A

Down syndrome

101
Q

the thickness of the nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed

A

6mm

102
Q

A small mandible is termed

A

Micrognathia

103
Q

The condiiton in which where is no nose and a proboscis separating two close set orbits is

A

Ethmocephaly

104
Q

all of the following are sonographic features of holoprosencephaly except:

A. Cystic hygroma
B. Proboscis with cyclopia
C. Fused thalassemia
D. Monoventricle

A

A

105
Q

the nuclal fold measurement is typically obtained:

A

Between 15 weeks and 21 weeks

Penny - OB CH (18 decks)

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