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Penny - OB CH > Chapter 17 - The Uterus & Vagina > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - The Uterus & Vagina Flashcards

1
Q

a focal mass of adenomysosis

A

adenomyoma

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2
Q

the begnign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus

A

adenomysosis

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3
Q

failure of an organ or structure to grow during embryologic development

A

genesis

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4
Q

the uterine body tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix, forming an acute angle between the body and the cervix

A

anteflexion

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5
Q

the typical version of he uterus where the uterine body tilts forward forming a 90 degree angle with the cervix

A

anteversion

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6
Q

the nonfunctional outer layer of the endometrium

A

Basal layer (endometrium)

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7
Q

a common uterine anomaly in which the endometrium divides into horns, also referred to as bicornis unicollis

A

bicornuate uterus

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8
Q

limp

A

boggy

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9
Q

the rigid lesion of the uterus located between the isthmus and vagina

A

cervix

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10
Q

physical defects that are present in a person at birth, may also be referred to as congenital anomalies

A

congenital malformation

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11
Q

areas just inferior to the fundus of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are attached bilaterally

A

cornea (uterus)

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12
Q

the uterine body

A

corpus (uterus)

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13
Q

the long axis of the uterus deviating to the right of the midline

A

dextroverted uterus

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14
Q

a drug administered to pregnant woman from the 1940s to the 1970s to treat threatened abortions and premature labor that has been linked with uterine malformation in the exposed fetus

A

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

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15
Q

difficult or painful defecation

A

dyschezia

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16
Q

area that lies between the two layers of the endometrium ; may also be referred to as the uterine cavity

A

endometrial cavity

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17
Q

the inner mucosal layer of the uterus

A

endometrium

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18
Q

the inferior portion of the cervix that is in close contact with the vagina

A

external os

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19
Q

the functional inner layer of the endometrium that is altered by the hormones of the menstrual cycle

A

functional layer (endometrium)

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20
Q

the most superior and widest portion of the uterus

A

fundus (uterus)

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21
Q

a benign cyst located within the vagina

A

Gartner duct cyst

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22
Q

blood accumulation with the vagina

A

hematocolpos

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23
Q

blood accumulation within the uterine cavity

A

hematometra

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24
Q

blood accumulation within the uterus and vagina

A

hematometrocolpos

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25
Q

fluid accumulation within the vagina

A

hydrocolpos

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26
Q

fluid accumulation with the uterus and vagina

A

hydrometrcolpos

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27
Q

the surgical removal of the uterus

A

hysterectomy

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28
Q

a radiographic procedure that uses a dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

A

hysterosalpingography

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29
Q

the surgical repair of a uterine septum in a spectate uterus using a hysteroscopy

A

hysteroscopic uterine septoplasty

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30
Q

a vaginal anomaly in which the hymen has no opening therefore resulting in a obstruction of the vagina

A

imperforate hymen

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31
Q

the superior portion of the cervix closes to the isthmus

A

internal os

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32
Q

a leiomyoma located within the uterine cavity

A

intracavitary (fibroid)

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33
Q

location of a leiomyoma within the myometrium of the uterus

A

intramural (fibroid)

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34
Q

area of the uterus of the uterus between the corpus and cervix

A

isthmus (uterus)

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35
Q

a benign, smooth muscle tumor of the uterus; may also be referred to as a fibroid or uterine myopia

A

leiomyoma (uterine)

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36
Q

the malignant manifestation of a leiomyoma

A

leiomyosarcoma

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37
Q

the long axis of the uterus deviating of the left of the midline

A

levoverted uterus

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38
Q

the term used for the isthmus of the uterus during pregnancy

A

lower uterine segment

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39
Q

a fibroid treatment that utilizes focused high frequency high energy ultrasound guided by MRI to heat and destroy fibroid tissue

A

MRI guided high intensity focused ultrasound

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40
Q

paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract

A

Mullerain ducts

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41
Q

having birthed more than one child

A

multiparous

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42
Q

the surgical removal of myoma (fibroid) of the uterus

A

myomectomy

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43
Q

a muscular layer of the uterus

A

myometrium

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44
Q

benign cysts located within the cervix

A

nabothian cysts

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45
Q

the first 4 weeks (28 days) after birth

A

neonatal

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46
Q

the total number of pregnancies in which the patient has given birth to a fetus at or beyond 20 weeks gestational age or an infant weighing more than 500 g

A

parity

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47
Q

something that grows off of a stalk

A

peduncalted

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48
Q

the outer layer of the uterus, may also be referred to as the serial layer

A

perimetrium

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49
Q

pubertal development before the age of 8 ; the early development of pubic hair ; breast or genitals

A

precocious puberty

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50
Q

secondary sexual developmenbt induced by sex steroids or from other sources such as ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors or steroid use

A

psuedoprecocious puberty

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51
Q

the uterine body tilts backwards and comes in contact with the cervix , forming an acute angle between the body and cervix

A

retroflexion

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52
Q

the uterine body tilts backward , without a bend where the cervix and body meet

A

retroversion

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53
Q

a sonographic procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and possibly the fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities ; also referred to as sonohysterography

A

saline infusion sonoysterography

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54
Q

common congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a single septum that separates two endometrial cavities

A

septate uterus

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55
Q

the outermost layer of the uterus may also be referred to as the perimetrium

A

serosal layer (uterus)

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56
Q

a leiomyoma that distorts the shape of the endometrial

A

submucosal (fiborid)

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57
Q

congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a normal uterine contour with an endometrium that branches into two horns

A

subseptate uterus

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58
Q

location of a leiomyoma in which the tumor grows outward and dsitorts the contour of the uterus

A

subserosal (fibroid)

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59
Q

twisting

60
Q

congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a uterus with one horn

A

unicornuate uterus

61
Q

procedure used to block the blood supply to a leoimyoma (fibroid)

A

uterine artery embolization

62
Q

congenital malformation of the uterus that results in the complete duplication of the uterus, cervix and vagina

A

uterus didelphys

63
Q

occlusion or imperforation of the vagina can be congenital or acquired

A

vagina atresia

64
Q

the portion of the vagina remaining after a hysterectomy

A

vaginal cuff

65
Q

recesses of the vagina

A

vaginal fornices

66
Q

What develops from the paired mullerain ducts

A

uterus
vagina
Fallopian tubes

67
Q

Mullein ducts or also called

A

Peimesonephric ducts

68
Q

What is the primary function of the uterus

A

provide a place from the products of conception impact and develop

69
Q

The uterus can be divided into what four major divisions

A

uterine horns called the cornua

70
Q

what is the largest part of the uterus

A

corpus or body

71
Q

during pregnancy thee isthmus may be referred to as what

A

lower uterine segment

72
Q

the cervix is marked superiorly by what and inferiorly by what

A

superior is the internal os

inferior is the external os

73
Q

The vagina is a tubular organ which extends from where to where?>

A

external os of the cervix to the external genitelia

74
Q

the size and shape of the uterus depends on what

A

age of patient, parity, presence of pathology or congenital anomalies

75
Q

in the neonatal period what does the uterus look like

A

distinct endometrial echoes in the first week of life

76
Q

following the neonatal period the cervical anterior posterior is equal to or slightly greater than what ?

A

uterine fundus

77
Q

the normal pre-pubertal uterus has a cervix to uterus ratio of what

78
Q

the normal portion of the uterus is considered to be what

A

anteversion or anteflexion

79
Q

Congenital malformations of the vagina can lead to what?

A

Accumulation of fluid within the female genital tract secondary to an obstruction

80
Q

With congenital malformation of the vagina the obstructions can be the result of what?

A

Vaginal atresia, vaginal septum, imperforate hymen

81
Q

The consequence of obstructions for congenital malformation of the vagina could lead to what?

A

Distention of the vagina, cervix, uterus and Fallopian tubes with blood or fluid

82
Q

Hydrocolpos is often seen in what age of patient?

83
Q

What are the clinical findings of vaginal obstructions?

A

Pelvic pain, enlarged uterus, abdominal pain, urinary retention, amenorrhea

84
Q

Is the involvement of adenomyosis focal or diffuse?

A

Both, more often within the posterior portion of the uterus

85
Q

Adenomysosis is often present in the uterus afflicted with what ?

A

Fibroid tumors

86
Q

What are the clinical findings of adenomysosis

A

uterine enlargement, dysmenorrhea, menometrorrhagia, pelvic pain, dyspareunia , multiparous

87
Q

What are the sonography findings of adenomyosis?

A

Diffusely enlarged uterus, hypoechoic or academic areas adjacent to the endometrium, heterogeneous myometrium, myometrial cyst, ill-defined interface between myometrium and endometrium, thickening of the posterior myometrium

88
Q

What is treatment for adenomyosis?

A

hysterectomy or hormone therapy

89
Q

An important differentiation should be made between endometriosis and adenomyosis. Discuss the differences.

A

Endometriosis tend to be younger and have fertility problems while adenomyosis are often older and multiparous

90
Q

What is the most common benign gynecologic tumors in the leading cause of hysterectomy and gynecologic surgery?

91
Q

Who are at a greater risk for development of fibroids?

A

Obese, black, non-smokers, perimenopause

92
Q

What are the clinical findings of the uterine leiomyoma?

A

Pelvic pressure, menorrhagia, palpable pelvic Mass, enlarged bulky uterus, urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation, infertility

93
Q

What are the sonography findings of uterine leiomyoma?

A

Hypoechoic Mass within the uterus, posterior shadowing from the mass, degenerating fibroids may have calcifications or cystic components, multiple fibroids appear as an enlarged irregular shaped diffusely heterogeneous uterus

94
Q

What is the most common location for fibroids?

A

Intramural

95
Q

Intramural for pedunculated fibroids that tourists what are the clinical findings?

A

Acute,localized pelvic pain

96
Q

What fibroids usually lead to abnormal uterine bleeding because of their location in relationship to the endometrium?

A

Intracavitary

97
Q

Besides a hysterectomy or myomectomy what is an alternative treatment for fibroids?

A

Uterine artery embolization

98
Q

Leiomyosarcoma are more commonly found in what woman?

A

Perimenopausal or postmenopausal

99
Q

What are the clinical findings of leiomyosarcoma

A

Pelvic pressure, menorrhagia, palpable abdominal Mass, enlarged bulky uterus, urinary frequency, dysuria, constipation, infertility

100
Q

What are the sonography findings of leiomyosarcoma?

A

Rapidly growing Mass within the uterus, hypoechoic Mass within the uterus, posterior shadowing from the mass, degenerating fibroids may have calcifications or cystic components, multiple fibroids appear has an enlarged irregular shaped diffusely heterogeneous uterus

101
Q

What are the clinical findings of a nabothian cyst?

A

Asymptomatic

102
Q

Asymptomatic what are the sonography findings of a nabothian cyst?

A

Anechoic Mass within the cervix, maybe multiple, maybe complex

103
Q

What is the most common female malignancy in women younger than 50?

A

Cervical carcinoma

104
Q

How might a Cervical Carcinoma appear sonography?

A

In homogeneous, enlarged cervix or a focal Mass within the cervix

105
Q

What are the clinical findings of a Gartner duct cyst?

A

Asymptomatic

106
Q

What are the sonography findings of a Gartner duct cyst?

A

Anechoic mass within the vagina

107
Q

Pseudoprecocious puberty has been linked with what?

A

Ovarian, adrenal and liver tumors

108
Q

Which of the following fibroid locations would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium?

a) submucosal
b) intramural
c) subserosal
d) subserosal pedunculated

A

submucosal

109
Q

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with adenomyosis except:

a) diffuse enlarged uterus
b) myometrial cysts
c) hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium
d) complex adnexal mass

110
Q

The largest part of the uterus is the :

a) corpus
b) isthmus
c) cervix
d) fundus

111
Q

Which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma ?

a) vaginal bleeding
b) rapid growth
c) dysuria
d) large hypoechoic mass

112
Q

The inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the :

a) cornu
b) internal os
c) external os
d) fornix

113
Q

The inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the :

a) myometrium
b) endometrium
c) serosal layer
d) perimetrium

114
Q

Difficult or painful intercourse is referred to as :

a) dysuria
b) dysmenorrhea
c) dyspareunia
d) hydrocolpos

115
Q

What congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has a clear association with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion?

a) anteflexed uterus
b) levoverted uterus
c) dextroverted uterus
d) septate uterus

116
Q

Absence of menstruation is referred to as:

a) adenomyomatosis
b) endometriosis
c) amenorrhea
d) adenomyosis

117
Q

The invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus is referred to as :

a) amenorrhea
b) endometriosis
c) adenomyomatosis
d) adenomyosis

118
Q

Pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the following except:

a) ovarian tumor
b) adrenal tumor
c) liver tumor
d) brain tumor

119
Q

The layer of the endometrium that is significantly altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the :

a) myometrium
b) endometrial cavity
c) functional layer
d) basal layer

120
Q

The most superior and widest portion of the uterus is the :

a) corpus
b) isthmus
c) cervix
d) fundus

121
Q

A 24 YOF present to the us department for pelvic pain. Sono shows an anechoic mass with in the vagina, this is most likely ?

a) nabothian cyst
b) gartner duct cyst
c) dandy walker cyst
d) ovarian cyst

122
Q

What section of the uterus is also referred to as the lower uterine segment ?

a) cervix
b) isthmus
c) fundus
d) cornu

123
Q

The outer layer of the endometrium is the ?

a) myometrium
b) endometrial cavity
c) functional layer
d) basal layer

124
Q

Which of the following would be considered the more common uterine anomaly ?

a) bicornis univernus
b) bicornis bicollis
c) uterus didelphys
d) septate uterus

125
Q

The rigid region of the uterus located between the vagina and the isthmus is the?

a) cornu
b) corpus
c) cervix
d) fundus

126
Q

Upon sono eval a pt complaining of abd distention you visualize a large hypoechoic mass distorting the anterior border of the uterus. What is this most likely location of the mass?

a) intramural
b) subserosal
c) submucosal
d) intracavitary pedunculated

127
Q

A simple fluid collection within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hyme is ?

a) hydrometrocolpos
b) hydrocolpos
c) hematometra
d) hematocolpos

128
Q

The uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix decsribes?

a) anteflexion
b) anteversion
c) retroflexion
d) retroversion

129
Q

What leiomyoma location would have an increased risk to undergo torsion?

a) subserosal
b) intracavitary
c) pedunculated
d) submucosal

130
Q

A 13 YOF present to the sono depart. with a hx of cyclic pain, abd swelling, and amenorrhea. You visualize an enlarges uterus and a distended vagina that contains anechoic fluid with debris. This is most likely what?

a) cervical stenosis
b) adenomyosis
c) endometriosis
d) hematocolpos

131
Q

All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except:

a) myometrial cysts
b) infertility
c) palpable pelvic mass
d) menorrhagia

132
Q

The surgical removal of a fibroid is termed:

a) hysterosonogram
b) total abdominal hysterectomy
c) myomectomy
d) uterine artey embolization

133
Q

Which of the following is typically not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis?

a) amenorrhea
b) dysmenorrhea
c) dyspareunia
d) menometrohragia

134
Q

The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the:

a) fallopian ducts
b) wolfiian ducts
c) gartner duct
d) mullerian duct

135
Q

Precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair, breasts, and the genitals before the age of

a) 13
b) 8
c) 5
d) 10

136
Q

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual flow between periods is termed?

a) menometrorrhagia
b) menarche
c) menorrhagia
d) dysmenorrhea

137
Q

Leiomyomas that project from a stalk are termed:

a) submucosal
b) intramural
c) subserosal
d) pedunculated

138
Q

Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is :

a) unicornuate uterus
b) bicornis bicolli
c) uterus didelphys
d) subseptate uterus

139
Q

A 38 YOF presents to the us depart. w/ pelvic pain. Us shows anechoic area within cervix, this is most likely a :

a) nabothian cyst
b) benign follicular cyst
c) dermoid cyst
d) gartner duct cyst

140
Q

Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes:

a) the benign invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium
b) the ectopic location of endometrial tissue in the adnexa
c) the malignant counter part of a fibroid
d) an anechoic simple cyst located within the cervix

141
Q

The location of a fibroid within the myometrium?

a) submucosal
b) intracavitary
c) subserosal
d) intramural

142
Q

The superior portion pf the cervix is the ;

a) cornu
b) corpus
c) internal os
d) external os

143
Q

Anechoic fluid distending the uterus and vagina within a pediatric patient is termed;

a) hydrocolpos
b) hydrometrocolpos
c) hydrometra
d) menatometrocolpos

144
Q

The normal position of the uterus is:

a) retroverted
b) retroflexed
c) anteverted
d) dysverted

145
Q

The area of attachment of the fallopian tubes to the uterus is the:

a) fundus
b) corpus
c) isthmus
d) cornua

146
Q

The recesses of the vagina are called:

a) cornu
b) isthmi
c) fornices
d) parity

Penny - OB CH (18 decks)

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