Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy > The Ear and the Larynx > Flashcards

The Ear and the Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the external ear?

A

Auricle, external acoustic meatus, external surface of tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is included in the middle ear?

A

Tympanic cavity, malleus, incus, stapes, internal surface of tympanic membrane and pharyngotympanic tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is included in the inner ear?

A

Vestibulocochlear organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the ear?

A

Converts sound vibrations into impulses that the brain can interpret (auditory transduction)
External and middle ear transfer vibrations to inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the external auditory meatus?

A

Medial to tragus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structure terminates external ear and begins middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the lateral 1/3 of the external auditory meatus composed of?

A

Elastic cartilage that contains hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the medial 2/3 of the external auditory meatus composed of?

A

Bone lined with stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What arteries are within the external auditory meatus?

A

Anterior and posterior auricular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anterior and posterior auricular arteries are branches of what?

A

External carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What nerves are within the external auditory meatus?

A

Auriculotemporal from the mandibular branch of trigeminal, and auricular branches from facial and vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the chorda tympani cross?

A

Malleolar prominence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What part of the ear allows for vibration (allows umbo to move in and out)?

A

Pars flaccida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the apex of the convex?

A

Umbo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What innervates the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Auriculotemporal and the auricular branch of vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What innervates the medial surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Tympanic branches of glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the roof of the middle ear?

A

Tegmen tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What innervates the concha and inner anti helix?

A

Vagus and glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Concentration of vibration, dampens loud external sound to minimize inner ear damage, dampens internal sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What helps to dampen inner sounds?

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the pharyngotympanic tube connect?

A

Tympanic cavity to nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Equalize pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What muscles are within the middle ear?

A

Salpingopharyneus, tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini and tensor tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the deep auricular artery branching from maxillary artery supply in the middle ear?

A

Floor of tympanic cavity, ext surface of tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does the anterior tympanic artery branching from maxillary artery supply in the middle ear?
Auditory ossicles
26
What does the stylomastoid artery branching from posterior auricular artery supply in the middle ear?
Tympanic membrane, posterior wall of cavity
27
What does the superior tympanic artery branching from middle meningeal artery supply in the middle ear?
Tensor tympani
28
What does the stapedial artery branching from the stylomastoid artery supply in the middle ear?
Stapedius muscle
29
What are the 2 main parts of the inner ear?
Cochlea and vestibular organ
30
What is the vestibular organ composed of?
Semicircular canals and vestibule
31
What does the cochlea control?
Hearing
32
What does the vestibular organ control?
Balance
33
What is the bony labyrinth filled with?
Perilymph
34
What are the membranous canals filled with and what do they suspend in?
Endolymph, perilymph
35
What is endolymph composed of?
Capillaries in the membranous labyrinth
36
Where is excess endolymph collected?
Endolymphatic duct
37
Describe the location of the cochlea is relation to the semicircular canals
Anterior and medial
38
What is the final destination for auditory transduction?
Inner ear
39
What establishes a pressure wave in the perilymph that is transferred to the inner ear?
Footplate of stapes moving in and out of oval window
40
What is the function of the round window?
Allows perilymph to move
41
What prevents perilymph from leaking into middle ear?
Secondary tympanic membrane
42
What 2 structures are continuous with each other at the end of the cochlea?
Scala tympani and scala vestibuli
43
What pushes the outer hair cells up?
Basilar membrane
44
What is an example of a low frequency sound?
Natural disaster
45
What is an example of a mid frequency sound?
Dogs barking
46
What is an example of a high frequency sound?
Nails on chalkboard
47
What frequency makes up 80% of sound?
Mid frequency
48
How many semicircular canals are there and what are they?
3: anterior, posterior and lateral
49
How many circles do the semicircular canals make?
2.5
50
Which semicircular canals are set at right angles?
Anterior and posterior
51
What semicircular canal is horizontal?
Lateral
52
What do the semicircular ducts contain?
Endolymph
53
What is the name of the swelling that each canal and duct has?
Ampulla
54
What does each ampulla contain?
Equilibrium receptor (crista ampullaris)
55
What does crista ampullaris respond to?
Angular/rotational movement of head
56
What are the 2 membranous sacs in the vestibule?
Utricle and saccule
57
What are otolithic organs?
organs that use protein-calcium carbonate granules to sense gravity and motion
58
What are the equilibrium receptors in the utricle and saccule called?
Maculae
59
What does the maculae detect?
Linear/translational movements of head
60
What part of translational movement detection is the utricle responsible for?
Horizontal
61
What part of translational movement detection is the saccule responsible for?
Vertical
62
Describe transmission to the brain
Brainstem to entering posterior cranial fossa to internal auditory meatus to vestibulocochlear nerve, branch into either cochlear or vestibular part of nerve
63
What are the traumatic causes of tympanic membrane perforation?
Insertion of objects into the ear canal purposely or accidentally, Head trauma (with or without basilar fracture), Sudden negative pressure (eg. strong suction applied to the ear canal), Barotrauma (eg. during air travel or scuba diving)
64
What can penetrating injuries to tympanic membrane result in?
dislocations of the ossicular chain (prevent auditory transduction resulting in unilateral deafness), bleeding, or Facial nerve injury (Chorda Tympani is located close to tympanic membrane)
65
Where is the larynx related in terms of cervical vertebrae?
C3/C6-7
66
What structure allows for swallowing?
Esophagus
67
What is the thyrohyoid innervates by?
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
68
What part of the larynx do your cric in an emergency?
Cricothyroid membrane
69
What inserts on the muscular process of the larynx?
Muscles
70
What inserts on the vocal process of the larynx?
Vocal ligament
71
What part of the larynx pulls the cartilage up and down?
Posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid
72
What muscle opens the vocal folds?
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
73
What closes during high pitched sounds?
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
74
What 2 nerves provide sensory innervation to larynx?
Internal and recurrent laryngeal
75
Describe internal laryngeal
A terminal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, Pierces the thyrohyoid membrane with the superior laryngeal artery, Sensory fibres to laryngeal mucous membrane of laryngeal vestibule and middle laryngeal cavity, superior surface of the vocal folds
76
Describe recurrent laryngeal
Branch of vagus, Sensory to larynx from inferior surface of vocal folds down
77
What are the false vocal folds called?
Vestibular folds
78
What closes the vocal folds?
Lateral cricoarytenoid
79
Increased tension in vocal folds causes what change in pitch?
Higher pitch
80
Increased subglottal pressure causes what change to sound and why?
Louder the sound due to higher velocity as air passes through larynx
81
Where is the 1st cleft located?
Between pharyngeal arch 1 and 2 (external acoustic meatus)
82
Where are clefts 2, 3 and 4 located?
Incorporated into cervical sinus
83
What is in the 1st pouch?
Eustachian tube and tympanic cavity
84
What is in the 2nd pouch?
Palatine tonsil
85
What is in the 3rd pouch?
Inferior parathyroid and thymus
86
What is in the 4-6th pouch?
Superior parathyroid and ultimobranchial body
87
what are the terminal branches of the superficial temporal artery?
parietal and frontal
88
what supplies blood to the tympanic membrane?
deep auricular and anterior tympanic of maxillary artery
89
describe the articulations of the ossicles
synovial joints
90
where does the stapes insert?
oval window
91
is the cochlear duct closed at the end and why?
no, scala tympani and vestibuli are continuous at apex
92
how do we hear low frequency sounds?
bounce later in ear
93
how do we hear high frequency sounds?
bounce earlier in ear
94
what does the larynx feed?
trachea
95
where is the arytenoid cartilage?
posterior to thyroid cartilage below epiglottis
96
what passes through thyroid cartilage?
internal branch of laryngeal nerve
97
where is the corniculate cartilage?
on top of arytenoid
98
what muscle crosses below the epiglottis posteriorly?
aryepiglottic
99
what does the cricothyroid do?
pulls thyroid cartilage forward and down
100
what is the space below the vocal folds?
infraglottic cavity
101
what does the internal laryngeal provide sensory for in larynx?
superior to vocal folds
102
what does recurrent laryngeal provide sensory for in larynx?
inferior to vocal folds
103
what bone does chorda tympani loop around?
malleus
104
where do scala tympani and vestibuli meet?
helicotrema
105
what is the modiolus?
bony center of cochlea

Head and Neck Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions