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Head and Neck Anatomy > Face, Scalp, Dura and Vasculature > Flashcards

Face, Scalp, Dura and Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

what does chondrocranium develop?

A

vertebral bodies and base of skull

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2
Q

what is Meckel’s cartilage made out of?

A

splanchnocranium

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3
Q

what creates the frontal bone and cranial vault?

A

dermatocranium

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4
Q

what is the facial cranium

A

aka visceral cranium, include face, eyes, nose and mouth, is the working part of the head

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5
Q

what is the neurocranium?

A

portion encasing the brain

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6
Q

what is the cranial vault?

A

what encases the brain

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7
Q

what side is the lacrimal bone on compared to the lacrimal gland?

A

lacrimal bone is medial and lacrimal gland is lateral

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8
Q

the bones of the head and the cranial vault are all encased in what?

A

dermatocranium

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9
Q

the perforating branches of trigeminal provide what?

A

sensory innervation to face

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10
Q

what 2 structures make up the zygomatic arch?

A

zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic

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11
Q

what is the muscle attachment site for the sternocleidomastoid?

A

mastoid process

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12
Q

what is the styloid process an attachment site for?

A

stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric

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13
Q

what runs through the lateral pterygoid plate?

A

medial and lateral pterygoid

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14
Q

what runs through the medial pterygoid plate?

A

superior pharyngeal constrictors

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15
Q

what artery runs through the foramen spinosum?

A

medial meningeal

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16
Q

what sinus runs through the jugular foramen?

A

sigmoid sinus

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17
Q

what muscles covers the squamous part of the temporal bone?

A

temporalis

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18
Q

what is the difference between the petrous part and squamous part of the temporal bone?

A

petrous: rough and hard, seen in inferior view of cranial base
squamous: flat, seen in lateral view of skull

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19
Q

what does the coronal suture divide?

A

frontal and parietal

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20
Q

what does the sagittal suture divide?

A

2 parietal bones

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21
Q

what does lambdoid suture divide?

A

parietal and occipital

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22
Q

what does the squamous suture divide?

A

parietal and temporal

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23
Q

what does the pterion divide?

A

frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal

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24
Q

what is behind the pterion?

A

medial meningeal artery

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25
Q

what do fontanelles allow for?

A

brain and skull expansion

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26
Q

what does the metopic suture divide?

A

2 frontal bones in child, obliterated in adulthood

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27
Q

when does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

18 months

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28
Q

when does the posterior fontanelle close?

A

1 year

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29
Q

where is the posterior fontanelle located?

A

between parietal and occipital

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30
Q

what does the sphenoid fontanelle form?

A

pterion

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31
Q

what is not covered by the arachnoid mater?

A

sulci

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32
Q

what is the falx cerebri?

A

infolding of dura that separates the cerebral hemispheres

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33
Q

what does tentorum cerebelli cover?

A

cerebellum

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34
Q

what does tentorum cerebelli separate?

A

occipital and temporal from cerebellum

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35
Q

what does the falx cerebelli do?

A

separated cerebellum

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36
Q

what is the endocranium continuous with?

A

fontanelle and sutures

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37
Q

what is contained within diploe?

A

red bone marrow space

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38
Q

what is in the dural sinus and why?

A

vascular endothelium to produce venous sinuses

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39
Q

describe an epidural hematoma

A

above endocranium but below outer table, above dura, fracture of middle meningeal artery, under pterion, will create its own space

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40
Q

what is the weakest part of the skull?

A

pterion

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41
Q

describe subdural hematoma?

A

between arachnoid and true dura, tear of bridging vein in brain

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42
Q

what are the subendocranial sinuses in the roots of dural folds?

A

superior sagittal, confluence of sinuses, occipital sinus, superior petrosal, transverse

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43
Q

what are the subendocranial sinuses not in roots of folds?

A

sphenoparietal, cavernous, sigmoid, inferior petrosal

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44
Q

what sinuses are not in the subendocranial space?

A

inferior sagittal, straight sinus

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45
Q

what drains the deploie?

A

diploic vein

46
Q

what does the emissary vein drain into?

A

dural sinus

47
Q

do veins in the head have valves?

A

no

48
Q

describe external carotid in the head

A

mostly to face, scalp and meninges, no direct supply to brain itself

49
Q

describe internal carotid in head

A

mostly brain and brain outgrowths (eye), some contributions to face and meninges

50
Q

describe vertebral

A

some contributions to spinal cord, meninges and dura, mostly direct base of brain

51
Q

what are the 4 parts of the internal carotid?

A

cervical, petrous, cavernous and cerebral

52
Q

when is the cervical division of the internal carotid present?

A

in neck

53
Q

when is the petrous part of the internal carotid present?

A

in the carotid canal

54
Q

when is the cavernous part of the internal carotid present?

A

in cavernous sinus

55
Q

when is the cerebral part of the internal carotid present?

A

by cerebral hemisphere

56
Q

what arteries supply the cerebellum?

A

superior cerebellar artery, anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar artery

57
Q

what arteries is the circle of willis made up of?

A

posterior communicating. anterior cerebral, anterior communicating

58
Q

what branches off of the vertebral artery?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

59
Q

what branches off the bottom of basilar artery?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

60
Q

what branches off of the top of basilar artery?

A

superior cerebellar artery

61
Q

what continues off the top of basilar artery?

A

posterior cerebral artery

62
Q

what begins the circle of willis?

A

posterior communicating artery

63
Q

what is between the posterior communicating artery and anterior cerebral artery within the circle of willis?

A

internal carotid with a lateral continuation of middle cerebral artery and a superior branch off of ophthalmic artery

64
Q

what connects the 2 branches of anterior cerebral artery?

A

anterior communicating artery

65
Q

what artery continues to the face to supply around the eye?

A

opthalmic artery

66
Q

what does opthalmic artery give off?

A

anterior meningeal

67
Q

what branches off of ascending pharyngeal?

A

posterior meningeal

68
Q

what does ascending pharyngeal branch off of?

A

external carotid

69
Q

what are the MAJOR branches of the face and scalp that are important?

A

facial, maxillary, superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital

70
Q

what are all of the branches of external carotid?

A

superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal
(some anatomists like freaking out poor medical students)

71
Q

what are the 2 terminal branches of external carotid?

A

maxillary and superficial temporal

72
Q

what branch of external carotid dives posterior?

A

occipital

73
Q

what branches are given off by the opthalmic artery?

A

supraorbital, supratrochelar, zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial

74
Q

what are the layers of the cranium from superficial to deep?

A

skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue and pericranium

75
Q

what does the skin contain?

A

hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands

76
Q

what does the connective tissue contain?

A

vasculature

77
Q

what does the aponeurosis connect?

A

occipitalis and frontalis

78
Q

what does the loose connective tissue allow for?

A

scalp movement

79
Q

what is the difference between Bell’s Palsy and a stroke

A

in a stroke, the forehead is spared and can still be moved

80
Q

what are the main causes of Bell’s palsy?

A

shingles or idiopathic

81
Q

what is a hallmark of Bell’s palsy?

A

unilateral drooping

82
Q

what artery supplies the maxilla?

A

posterior superior alveolar artery

83
Q

what meningeal artery goes up through the cranial vault?

A

middle meningeal artery

84
Q

what artery supplies teeth?

A

inferior alveolar artery

85
Q

what arteries are within the medial orbit?

A

supratrochlear and supraorbital

86
Q

what venous drainages are in the lateral orbit?

A

zygomaticotemporal anf zygomaticofacial

87
Q

what branches off of facial and is parallel to lingual?

A

submental

88
Q

describe the transverse facial artery

A

parallel to the parotid duct, branch of superficial temporal that rides along buccinator

89
Q

describe parotid duct

A

provide saliva to mouth, dives deep, produces 70% of salivation

90
Q

what is the masseter important for?

A

closing jaw

91
Q

describe cerebrospinal fluid?

A

wicks away waste, supplies glucose, circulates through ventricles and subarachnoid space

92
Q

occipitofrontalis allows for

A

wrinkling of forehead

93
Q

corrugator supercilli allows for

A

furrowing of brows

94
Q

procerus and transverse part of nasalis is responsible for

A

scrunching up face

95
Q

orbicularis occuli is responsible for

A

winking

96
Q

levator labii alaeque nasi and alar part of of nasalis is responsible for

A

flaring nostrils

97
Q

buccinator and orbicularis oris is responsible for

A

puffing out cheeks

98
Q

zygomaticus major and minor are responsible for

A

lifting one side of mouth

99
Q

risorius is responsible for

A

smiling close lipped

100
Q

risorius and depressor labii inferioris is responsible for

A

open toothed smile

101
Q

levator labii superioris and depressor labii are responsible for

A

gritting teeth in anger

102
Q

what are the dilators of the mouth?

A

risorius, levator labii superioris and depressor labii inferioris

103
Q

orbicularis oris is responsible for

A

duck face

104
Q

depressor anguli oris is responsible for

A

frowning

105
Q

mentalis is responsible for

A

pouting

106
Q

platysma is responsible for

A

grimacing

107
Q

the arachnoid mater overlies what?

A

superior cerebral vein

108
Q

the ‘worst headache of my life’ is a sign of?

A

subarachnoid hematoma

109
Q

how does the transverse sinus drain out of the head?

A

transverse sinus to sigmoid sinus to jugular foramen

110
Q

what is a subarachnoid hematoma?

A

hemorrhagic stroke

Head and Neck Anatomy (9 decks)

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