Face, Scalp, Dura and Vasculature Flashcards
1
Q
what does chondrocranium develop?
A
vertebral bodies and base of skull
2
Q
what is Meckel’s cartilage made out of?
A
splanchnocranium
3
Q
what creates the frontal bone and cranial vault?
A
dermatocranium
4
Q
what is the facial cranium
A
aka visceral cranium, include face, eyes, nose and mouth, is the working part of the head
5
Q
what is the neurocranium?
A
portion encasing the brain
6
Q
what is the cranial vault?
A
what encases the brain
7
Q
what side is the lacrimal bone on compared to the lacrimal gland?
A
lacrimal bone is medial and lacrimal gland is lateral
8
Q
the bones of the head and the cranial vault are all encased in what?
A
dermatocranium
9
Q
the perforating branches of trigeminal provide what?
A
sensory innervation to face
10
Q
what 2 structures make up the zygomatic arch?
A
zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic
11
Q
what is the muscle attachment site for the sternocleidomastoid?
A
mastoid process
12
Q
what is the styloid process an attachment site for?
A
stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric
13
Q
what runs through the lateral pterygoid plate?
A
medial and lateral pterygoid
14
Q
what runs through the medial pterygoid plate?
A
superior pharyngeal constrictors
15
Q
what artery runs through the foramen spinosum?
A
medial meningeal
16
Q
what sinus runs through the jugular foramen?
A
sigmoid sinus
17
Q
what muscles covers the squamous part of the temporal bone?
A
temporalis
18
Q
what is the difference between the petrous part and squamous part of the temporal bone?
A
petrous: rough and hard, seen in inferior view of cranial base
squamous: flat, seen in lateral view of skull
19
Q
what does the coronal suture divide?
A
frontal and parietal
20
Q
what does the sagittal suture divide?
A
2 parietal bones
21
Q
what does lambdoid suture divide?
A
parietal and occipital
22
Q
what does the squamous suture divide?
A
parietal and temporal
23
Q
what does the pterion divide?
A
frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal
24
Q
what is behind the pterion?
A
medial meningeal artery
25
what do fontanelles allow for?
brain and skull expansion
26
what does the metopic suture divide?
2 frontal bones in child, obliterated in adulthood
27
when does the anterior fontanelle close?
18 months
28
when does the posterior fontanelle close?
1 year
29
where is the posterior fontanelle located?
between parietal and occipital
30
what does the sphenoid fontanelle form?
pterion
31
what is not covered by the arachnoid mater?
sulci
32
what is the falx cerebri?
infolding of dura that separates the cerebral hemispheres
33
what does tentorum cerebelli cover?
cerebellum
34
what does tentorum cerebelli separate?
occipital and temporal from cerebellum
35
what does the falx cerebelli do?
separated cerebellum
36
what is the endocranium continuous with?
fontanelle and sutures
37
what is contained within diploe?
red bone marrow space
38
what is in the dural sinus and why?
vascular endothelium to produce venous sinuses
39
describe an epidural hematoma
above endocranium but below outer table, above dura, fracture of middle meningeal artery, under pterion, will create its own space
40
what is the weakest part of the skull?
pterion
41
describe subdural hematoma?
between arachnoid and true dura, tear of bridging vein in brain
42
what are the subendocranial sinuses in the roots of dural folds?
superior sagittal, confluence of sinuses, occipital sinus, superior petrosal, transverse
43
what are the subendocranial sinuses not in roots of folds?
sphenoparietal, cavernous, sigmoid, inferior petrosal
44
what sinuses are not in the subendocranial space?
inferior sagittal, straight sinus
45
what drains the deploie?
diploic vein
46
what does the emissary vein drain into?
dural sinus
47
do veins in the head have valves?
no
48
describe external carotid in the head
mostly to face, scalp and meninges, no direct supply to brain itself
49
describe internal carotid in head
mostly brain and brain outgrowths (eye), some contributions to face and meninges
50
describe vertebral
some contributions to spinal cord, meninges and dura, mostly direct base of brain
51
what are the 4 parts of the internal carotid?
cervical, petrous, cavernous and cerebral
52
when is the cervical division of the internal carotid present?
in neck
53
when is the petrous part of the internal carotid present?
in the carotid canal
54
when is the cavernous part of the internal carotid present?
in cavernous sinus
55
when is the cerebral part of the internal carotid present?
by cerebral hemisphere
56
what arteries supply the cerebellum?
superior cerebellar artery, anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar artery
57
what arteries is the circle of willis made up of?
posterior communicating. anterior cerebral, anterior communicating
58
what branches off of the vertebral artery?
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
59
what branches off the bottom of basilar artery?
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
60
what branches off of the top of basilar artery?
superior cerebellar artery
61
what continues off the top of basilar artery?
posterior cerebral artery
62
what begins the circle of willis?
posterior communicating artery
63
what is between the posterior communicating artery and anterior cerebral artery within the circle of willis?
internal carotid with a lateral continuation of middle cerebral artery and a superior branch off of ophthalmic artery
64
what connects the 2 branches of anterior cerebral artery?
anterior communicating artery
65
what artery continues to the face to supply around the eye?
opthalmic artery
66
what does opthalmic artery give off?
anterior meningeal
67
what branches off of ascending pharyngeal?
posterior meningeal
68
what does ascending pharyngeal branch off of?
external carotid
69
what are the MAJOR branches of the face and scalp that are important?
facial, maxillary, superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital
70
what are all of the branches of external carotid?
superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal
(some anatomists like freaking out poor medical students)
71
what are the 2 terminal branches of external carotid?
maxillary and superficial temporal
72
what branch of external carotid dives posterior?
occipital
73
what branches are given off by the opthalmic artery?
supraorbital, supratrochelar, zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial
74
what are the layers of the cranium from superficial to deep?
skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue and pericranium
75
what does the skin contain?
hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands
76
what does the connective tissue contain?
vasculature
77
what does the aponeurosis connect?
occipitalis and frontalis
78
what does the loose connective tissue allow for?
scalp movement
79
what is the difference between Bell's Palsy and a stroke
in a stroke, the forehead is spared and can still be moved
80
what are the main causes of Bell's palsy?
shingles or idiopathic
81
what is a hallmark of Bell's palsy?
unilateral drooping
82
what artery supplies the maxilla?
posterior superior alveolar artery
83
what meningeal artery goes up through the cranial vault?
middle meningeal artery
84
what artery supplies teeth?
inferior alveolar artery
85
what arteries are within the medial orbit?
supratrochlear and supraorbital
86
what venous drainages are in the lateral orbit?
zygomaticotemporal anf zygomaticofacial
87
what branches off of facial and is parallel to lingual?
submental
88
describe the transverse facial artery
parallel to the parotid duct, branch of superficial temporal that rides along buccinator
89
describe parotid duct
provide saliva to mouth, dives deep, produces 70% of salivation
90
what is the masseter important for?
closing jaw
91
describe cerebrospinal fluid?
wicks away waste, supplies glucose, circulates through ventricles and subarachnoid space
92
occipitofrontalis allows for
wrinkling of forehead
93
corrugator supercilli allows for
furrowing of brows
94
procerus and transverse part of nasalis is responsible for
scrunching up face
95
orbicularis occuli is responsible for
winking
96
levator labii alaeque nasi and alar part of of nasalis is responsible for
flaring nostrils
97
buccinator and orbicularis oris is responsible for
puffing out cheeks
98
zygomaticus major and minor are responsible for
lifting one side of mouth
99
risorius is responsible for
smiling close lipped
100
risorius and depressor labii inferioris is responsible for
open toothed smile
101
levator labii superioris and depressor labii are responsible for
gritting teeth in anger
102
what are the dilators of the mouth?
risorius, levator labii superioris and depressor labii inferioris
103
orbicularis oris is responsible for
duck face
104
depressor anguli oris is responsible for
frowning
105
mentalis is responsible for
pouting
106
platysma is responsible for
grimacing
107
the arachnoid mater overlies what?
superior cerebral vein
108
the 'worst headache of my life' is a sign of?
subarachnoid hematoma
109
how does the transverse sinus drain out of the head?
transverse sinus to sigmoid sinus to jugular foramen
110
what is a subarachnoid hematoma?
hemorrhagic stroke
