Cranial Nerves and Autonomics Part II Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 responsibilities of Vagus?
A
motor, sensory and autonomics
2
Q
What are the two sections of motor in vagus?
A
pharyngeal muscles and laryngeal muscles
3
Q
what is included in the pharyngeal muscles?
A
pharyngeal constrictors, levator veli palatini, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus
4
Q
what is included in the laryngeal muscles?
A
cricothyroid arytenoids, vocalis and thyroarytenoid, cricoarytenoids
5
Q
what are pharyngeal muscles primarily responsible for?
A
swallowing and manipulate palate
6
Q
what are the laryngeal muscles primarily responsible for?
A
vocalization, tenses and manipulates vocal folds, closes larynx during swallowing or hiccups
7
Q
what are the 2 sections of sensory?
A
cutaneous sensory and taste
8
Q
what is included in the cutaneous sensory?
A
external acoustic meatus, inferior larynx, pharynx and epiglottis
9
Q
what is included in taste?
A
epiglottis and diffused taste-like sensors throughout the gut tube
10
Q
what is included in the autonomics section?
A
sympathetics and parasympathetics
11
Q
what is included in the sympathetics of vagus?
A
below head
12
Q
what is included in parasympathetics of vagus?
A
thyroid gland, thoracic organs, external genitalia, foregut, midgut, pharyngeal muscles, laryngeal muscles, aortic bodies
13
Q
what branch does vagus give off while in the jugular foramen?
A
auricular branch
14
Q
what does the auricular branch provide cutaneous innervation to?
A
over the inferior-anterior edges of external auditory canal
15
Q
all of the branchial arch nerves have cutaneous responsibilities where?
A
in and around ear
16
Q
what 3 branches does vagus give off once it is in the neck?
A
pharyngeal branch and superior laryngeal and inferior cervical cardiac
17
Q
describe the pharyngeal branch
A
innervates the pharyngeal constrictors, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and pharyngeal mucosa
18
Q
describe the superior laryngeal branch
A
only cranial nerve branch that runs medial to internal carotid, splits into internal and external laryngeal nerves
19
Q
*what is the only muscle that does not get motor innervation by recurrent laryngeal but instead external laryngeal?
A
cricothyroid
20
Q
describe internal laryngeal
A
general sensation to supraglottic larynx and tastebuds on the epiglottis, parasympathetics to superior larynx
21
Q
describe external laryngeal
A
innervates inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricothyroid
22
Q
What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve do?
A
sensory and parasympathetics to infraglottic larynx, once passing under inferior pharyngeal constrictor it becomes inferior laryngeal nerve
23
Q
what does inferior laryngeal do?
A
motor to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles
24
Q
where does vagus run?
A
between carotid and internal jugular vein
25
all branches of vagus course which way
anteriorly off of the main vagal stalks
26
what is the exception to the above?
some of the pharyngeal plexus branches fan out to form a web of nerve fibers over the back of the pharyngeal constrictors that get innervation from the plexus
27
what structures are lateral to external carotid and lateral to internal carotid?
hypoglossal
28
what structures are medial to external carotid and lateral to internal carotid?
main trunk of glossopharyngeal and pharyngeal branch of vagus
29
what structure is medial to both external and internal carotid?
superior laryngeal nerve
30
what structures are parallel to both external and internal carotid?
carotid nerve, main trunk of vagus and sympathetic trunk
31
what is within the carotid sheath at the base of the skull?
internal jugular, internal carotid, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve
32
what is in the carotid sheath at C2?
internal jugular, internal and external carotid, vagus nerve, ansa cervicalis is embedded on top of the sheet
33
what is in the carotid sheet at C4?
internal jugular, common carotid, vagus nerve, ansa cervicalis at bottom, phrenic at C3-C5 and sympathetic trunk both on top
34
what helps open the eustachin tube?
salpingopharyngeus
35
how is the pterygomandibular raphe a landmark?
everything in front is innervated by facial and trigeminal, everything behind it is innervated by glossopharyngeal and vagus
36
vagus has carotid and aortic bodies that monitor what?
blood pressure and blood oxygen content
37
what are the 3 responsibilities of trigeminal?
motor, sensory and autonomics
38
what 2 sections are included in motor for trigeminal?
muscles of mastication and tensors of head and neck
39
what is included in muscles of mastication?
medial and lateral pterygoid, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, temporalis, masseter
40
what is included in the tensors of the head and neck?
tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
41
what 2 sections of sensory does trigeminal have?
cutaneous sensory and taste
42
what is included in cutaneous sensory?
face, eyes, orbit, cornea, anterior 2/3 of tongue, teeth, palate, inner cheeks, superior pinna, dura and meninges
43
what is included in taste for trigeminal?
trigeminal DOES NOT directly do any taste, it carriers taste fibers for facial to tongue and palate
44
what is included in the autonomics section for trigeminal?
sympathetic and carrying parasympathetics
45
what is included in sympathetics?
distributed among branches
46
what is included in carrying sympathetics?
trigeminal DOES NOT have its own parasympathetics, it carries parasympatheics for facial, oculomotor and glossopharyngeal
47
what are the 3 major division of trigeminal?
ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular
48
where does trigeminal pass off brain stem?
Meckle's cave
49
describe the opthalamic division of trigeminal
picks up post synaptic membranes from carotid plexus in cavernous sinus and distributes it over its nerves including to intrinsic muscles of eye
50
what are the 3 major branches of the opthalamic division of trigeminal?
frontal, lacrimal and naociliary
51
describe nasociliary
picks up post synaptic parasympathetics via zygomatic nerve from facial for paranasal mucosa and nasal mucosa
52
describe lacrimal
picks up postsynaptic parasympathetics via zygomatic nerve from facial for lacrimal gland
53
what does the opthalamic division of trigeminal provide sensory innervation over?
upper face, scalp, outer nose, eye, lacrimal gland and lacrimal aparatus
54
what are the 3 main branches of the maxillary division?
zygomatic, infraorbital and posterior superior alveolar
55
describe the the maxillary division
picks up post synaptic sympathetics from pterygopalatine ganglion via deep petrosal nerve through nerve of pterygoid canal
picks up post synaptic parasympathetics from facial via pterygopalatine ganglion, passes both parasympathetic and sympathetic to nasal mucosa, palatal mucosa, maxillary sinus via its nerves, carries taste for facial from palate via ptergopalatine ganglion through greater petrosal
zygomatic hands parasympathetic for lacrimal gland to lacrimal nerve
56
what does the maxillary division provide sensory over?
palate, midface, some of internal nose, upper lip, inferiolateral orbit, anterior temple and upper teeth
57
describe the mandibular divison
carries post synaptic sympathetics to areas it covers via maxillary artery/meningeal artery
carries post synaptic parasympathetic from glossopharyngeal to buccal mucosa via buccal nerve and parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve
quickly divides into many nerves upon leaving foramen ovale
carries parasympathetic and taste from facial via chorda tympani on the lingual nerve
58
what does the mandibular division provide sensory over?
over lower portion of face, jaw, lower teeth, lower lip, upper ear and posterior temple area
59
what does the mandibular division provide motor innervation for?
major jaw openers and closers (mandible), tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani
60
what is stern's law in regards to the motor innervation for mandibular division?
if the muscle has 'gloss' in it is innervated by hypoglossal unless
the muscle has 'palat-' in it which means it is innervated by vagus unless
it had tensor in the name which means it is innervated by the mandibular division of trigeminal
61
what are the parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck?
ciliary, sphenopalatine, otic and submandibular
62
what are the 2 types of sensory ganglia in the head and neck?
somatosensory and viscerosensory
63
what are the somatosensory ganglia?
trigemina, geniculate, vestibular, cochlear, superior and jugular
64
what are the viscerosensory ganglia?
geniculate, petrosal and nodose
65
which parasympathetic ganglia does the intrinsic muscles of neck?
ciliary
66
what parasympathetic ganglia does glands?
otic, sphenopalatine, submandibular
67
describe the pathway of oculomotor nerve to intrinsic eye muscles
oculomotor, ciliary ganglion, short ciliary nerves, intrinsic eye muscles
68
describe the route of facial nerve to lacrimal gland
facial nerve, greater petrosal, nerve of pterygoid canal, pterygopalatine ganglion, (maxillary division) zygomatic nerve, communicating branch, lacrimal nerve, lacrimal gland
69
describe the route of glossopharyngeal to parotid gland
glossopharyngeal, tympanic, tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal, synapse on otic ganglia, (mandibular) auriculotemporal, parotid gland
70
describe the route of facial to submandibular gland
facial nerve, chorda tympani, (mandibular) lingual, submandibular ganglion, submandibular gland
71
describe the route of facial to sublingual gland
facial nerve, chorda tympani, lingual nerve, submandibular ganglion, lingual nerve, sublingual gland
72
describe the ciliary ganglion
seated behind eye above optic nerve, parasympathetic from oculomotor for intrinsic eyes muscles synapse, pass via short ciliary nerve to eye
Sympathetics pass to intrinsic eye muscles via branches of nasociliary from carotid plexus
73
describe the pterygopalatine ganglion
seated in pterygopalatine fossa, parasympathetics from greater petrosal nerve synapse and passed via trigeminal to lacrimal gland, palatal mucosa and nasal mucose
74
describe the otic ganglion
seated in infratemporal fossa attached to mandibular division of trigeminal, parasympathetics lesser petrosal synapse then passed to parotid gland, buccal and pharyngeal mucosa
75
describe the submandibular ganglion
seated off of lingual nerve just above submandibular gland, parasympathetics from chorda tympani via lingual nerve synapse passed via lingual to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
76
what are the 2 types of ganglia for trigeminal?
parasympathetics: motor to glands and mucosa
somatosensory: general sensation for face, nasal, oral and orbital cavities
77
what does the geniculate ganglion do?
both general sensation and taste
78
how many ganglia are in facial?
1
79
how many ganglia are in trigeminal?
2
80
how many ganglia are in vestibulocochlear?
2
81
describe the cochlear ganglion
several sensing sound waves
82
describe the vestibular ganglion
one sensing angular acceleration and positioning
83
how many ganglia in glossopharyngeal?
2
84
describe the glossopharyngeal ganglia
parasympathetics are motor to glands and mucosa
somatosensory are general sensation for tongue and ear
visceral sensation is for taste, blood pressure and blood oxygen content
85
how many ganglia for vagus?
2
86
where does vagus send fibers to?
enteric ganglia of gut tube
87
describe enteric ganglia
parasympathetic ganglia of lower body
88
describe somatosensory and visceral ganglia
somatosensory: general sensation
| visceral ganglia: tase, blood pressure and blood oxygen content
89
what is the hiccup nerve?
vagus
90
vagus does parasympathetic below the neck except for?
cloacally derived organs
91
what nerve is responsible for vocalization?
vagus
92
what does superior laryngeal split into and where?
superior cervical carotid branch before carotids, internal laryngeal through thyrohyoid membrane and external laryngeal to cricothyroid
93
what branches off of vagus near clavicle?
recurrent laryngeal
94
how does recurrent laryngeal travel?
loops around clavicle up along esophagus and trachea underneath thyroid and inferior pharyngeal constrictor
95
what cranial nerve contributes only sensory fibers to pharyngeal plexus?
glossopharyngeal
96
what cranial nerve contributes both motor and sensory to pharyngeal plexus?
vagus
97
what innervates superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors?
pharyngeal branch of vagus
98
what innervates inferior pharyngeal constrictors?
external laryngeal
99
what elevate the soft palate?
levator veli palatini
100
what muscles are responsible for voice function>
posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid
101
what muscle attaches to torbus tubarius and what does it do?
salpingopharyngeus, closes eustachin tube
102
nasociliary nerve travels where in the orbti?
medial wall
103
oculomotor splits into superior and inferior where?
superior orbital fissure
104
what provides sensation for cornea?
nasociliary branch of trigeminal
105
where is the submandibular ganglion located?
suspended inferior to lingual nerve
106
where does the opthalamic division of trigeminal go and what does it do after leaving Meckel's cave?
into cavernous sinus to pick up postsynaptic sympathetics to internal carotid
107
what branches of opthalamic of trigeminal enter the orbit outside of the common tendinous ring?
frontal and lacrimal
108
what branches of the opthalamic of trigeminal enter orbit through common tendinous ring?
nasociliary
109
what branch of nasociliary bypasses ciliary ganglion and where does it go?
long ciliary n, directly to eye
110
whar are the branches of nasociliary nerve?
long ciliary, internal nasal and infratrochlear
111
what happens to the internal nasal branch of nasociliary?
branches into external nasal on to of nose then enters nose
112
what happens to the frontal branch of the opthalamic division of trigeminal?
splits into supratrochlear and supraorbital for general sensation of forehead
113
where does the maxillary division of trigeminal travel from meckel's cave?
along middle cranial fossa through foramen routndum into infratemporal fossa
114
before entering infraorbital fissure, maxillary gives off what branch and what does it do?
posterior superior alveolar punches into maxilla for general sensation of upper teeth
115
at the infraorbital fissure, the maxillary division branches into what?
zygomatic and infraorbital branchees
116
where does infraorbital nerve go?
runs along middle orbital floor to infraorbital canal within maxillary bone
117
what infraorbital nerve do?
general sensation of mid face below eye, branches toward superior alveolar plexus for general sensation of upper jaw and teeth
118
where does zygomatic nerve go and what does it do?
runs along lateral floor of orbit and punches through zygomatic bone for cheek sensation
119
where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?
suspended below infraorbital nerve
120
from the pterygopalatine ganglion, what does trigeminal branch into?
greater and lesser palatine, nasopalatine
121
where does nasopalatine nerve travel?
through sphenopalatine into nose
122
mandibular division of trigeminal branches into what and where?
mastication branches, buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar and auriculotemporal and foramen ovale
123
what branch does inferior alveolar give off?
nerve to mylohyoid
124
what does inferior alveolar nerve do?
general sensation of teeth and jaw, exits mental foramen to give general sensation to face below mouth
125
what does auriculotemporal do and where does it go?
splits around middle meningeal artery to give general sensation to ear, carries parasympathetics from otic ganglion to parotid glands
126
what does lateral pterygoid do?
pulls mandible forward to open mouth
127
what does medial pterygoid do?
elevates mandible to close mouth
128
what muscle tenses malleus during speech and yawning??
tensor tympani
