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Head and Neck Anatomy > Cranial Nerves and Autonomics Part II > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves and Autonomics Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 responsibilities of Vagus?

A

motor, sensory and autonomics

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2
Q

What are the two sections of motor in vagus?

A

pharyngeal muscles and laryngeal muscles

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3
Q

what is included in the pharyngeal muscles?

A

pharyngeal constrictors, levator veli palatini, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus

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4
Q

what is included in the laryngeal muscles?

A

cricothyroid arytenoids, vocalis and thyroarytenoid, cricoarytenoids

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5
Q

what are pharyngeal muscles primarily responsible for?

A

swallowing and manipulate palate

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6
Q

what are the laryngeal muscles primarily responsible for?

A

vocalization, tenses and manipulates vocal folds, closes larynx during swallowing or hiccups

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7
Q

what are the 2 sections of sensory?

A

cutaneous sensory and taste

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8
Q

what is included in the cutaneous sensory?

A

external acoustic meatus, inferior larynx, pharynx and epiglottis

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9
Q

what is included in taste?

A

epiglottis and diffused taste-like sensors throughout the gut tube

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10
Q

what is included in the autonomics section?

A

sympathetics and parasympathetics

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11
Q

what is included in the sympathetics of vagus?

A

below head

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12
Q

what is included in parasympathetics of vagus?

A

thyroid gland, thoracic organs, external genitalia, foregut, midgut, pharyngeal muscles, laryngeal muscles, aortic bodies

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13
Q

what branch does vagus give off while in the jugular foramen?

A

auricular branch

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14
Q

what does the auricular branch provide cutaneous innervation to?

A

over the inferior-anterior edges of external auditory canal

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15
Q

all of the branchial arch nerves have cutaneous responsibilities where?

A

in and around ear

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16
Q

what 3 branches does vagus give off once it is in the neck?

A

pharyngeal branch and superior laryngeal and inferior cervical cardiac

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17
Q

describe the pharyngeal branch

A

innervates the pharyngeal constrictors, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and pharyngeal mucosa

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18
Q

describe the superior laryngeal branch

A

only cranial nerve branch that runs medial to internal carotid, splits into internal and external laryngeal nerves

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19
Q

*what is the only muscle that does not get motor innervation by recurrent laryngeal but instead external laryngeal?

A

cricothyroid

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20
Q

describe internal laryngeal

A

general sensation to supraglottic larynx and tastebuds on the epiglottis, parasympathetics to superior larynx

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21
Q

describe external laryngeal

A

innervates inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricothyroid

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22
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve do?

A

sensory and parasympathetics to infraglottic larynx, once passing under inferior pharyngeal constrictor it becomes inferior laryngeal nerve

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23
Q

what does inferior laryngeal do?

A

motor to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles

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24
Q

where does vagus run?

A

between carotid and internal jugular vein

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25
Q

all branches of vagus course which way

A

anteriorly off of the main vagal stalks

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26
Q

what is the exception to the above?

A

some of the pharyngeal plexus branches fan out to form a web of nerve fibers over the back of the pharyngeal constrictors that get innervation from the plexus

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27
Q

what structures are lateral to external carotid and lateral to internal carotid?

A

hypoglossal

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28
Q

what structures are medial to external carotid and lateral to internal carotid?

A

main trunk of glossopharyngeal and pharyngeal branch of vagus

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29
Q

what structure is medial to both external and internal carotid?

A

superior laryngeal nerve

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30
Q

what structures are parallel to both external and internal carotid?

A

carotid nerve, main trunk of vagus and sympathetic trunk

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31
Q

what is within the carotid sheath at the base of the skull?

A

internal jugular, internal carotid, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve

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32
Q

what is in the carotid sheath at C2?

A

internal jugular, internal and external carotid, vagus nerve, ansa cervicalis is embedded on top of the sheet

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33
Q

what is in the carotid sheet at C4?

A

internal jugular, common carotid, vagus nerve, ansa cervicalis at bottom, phrenic at C3-C5 and sympathetic trunk both on top

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34
Q

what helps open the eustachin tube?

A

salpingopharyngeus

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35
Q

how is the pterygomandibular raphe a landmark?

A

everything in front is innervated by facial and trigeminal, everything behind it is innervated by glossopharyngeal and vagus

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36
Q

vagus has carotid and aortic bodies that monitor what?

A

blood pressure and blood oxygen content

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37
Q

what are the 3 responsibilities of trigeminal?

A

motor, sensory and autonomics

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38
Q

what 2 sections are included in motor for trigeminal?

A

muscles of mastication and tensors of head and neck

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39
Q

what is included in muscles of mastication?

A

medial and lateral pterygoid, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, temporalis, masseter

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40
Q

what is included in the tensors of the head and neck?

A

tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani

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41
Q

what 2 sections of sensory does trigeminal have?

A

cutaneous sensory and taste

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42
Q

what is included in cutaneous sensory?

A

face, eyes, orbit, cornea, anterior 2/3 of tongue, teeth, palate, inner cheeks, superior pinna, dura and meninges

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43
Q

what is included in taste for trigeminal?

A

trigeminal DOES NOT directly do any taste, it carriers taste fibers for facial to tongue and palate

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44
Q

what is included in the autonomics section for trigeminal?

A

sympathetic and carrying parasympathetics

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45
Q

what is included in sympathetics?

A

distributed among branches

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46
Q

what is included in carrying sympathetics?

A

trigeminal DOES NOT have its own parasympathetics, it carries parasympatheics for facial, oculomotor and glossopharyngeal

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47
Q

what are the 3 major division of trigeminal?

A

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

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48
Q

where does trigeminal pass off brain stem?

A

Meckle’s cave

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49
Q

describe the opthalamic division of trigeminal

A

picks up post synaptic membranes from carotid plexus in cavernous sinus and distributes it over its nerves including to intrinsic muscles of eye

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50
Q

what are the 3 major branches of the opthalamic division of trigeminal?

A

frontal, lacrimal and naociliary

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51
Q

describe nasociliary

A

picks up post synaptic parasympathetics via zygomatic nerve from facial for paranasal mucosa and nasal mucosa

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52
Q

describe lacrimal

A

picks up postsynaptic parasympathetics via zygomatic nerve from facial for lacrimal gland

53
Q

what does the opthalamic division of trigeminal provide sensory innervation over?

A

upper face, scalp, outer nose, eye, lacrimal gland and lacrimal aparatus

54
Q

what are the 3 main branches of the maxillary division?

A

zygomatic, infraorbital and posterior superior alveolar

55
Q

describe the the maxillary division

A

picks up post synaptic sympathetics from pterygopalatine ganglion via deep petrosal nerve through nerve of pterygoid canal
picks up post synaptic parasympathetics from facial via pterygopalatine ganglion, passes both parasympathetic and sympathetic to nasal mucosa, palatal mucosa, maxillary sinus via its nerves, carries taste for facial from palate via ptergopalatine ganglion through greater petrosal
zygomatic hands parasympathetic for lacrimal gland to lacrimal nerve

56
Q

what does the maxillary division provide sensory over?

A

palate, midface, some of internal nose, upper lip, inferiolateral orbit, anterior temple and upper teeth

57
Q

describe the mandibular divison

A

carries post synaptic sympathetics to areas it covers via maxillary artery/meningeal artery
carries post synaptic parasympathetic from glossopharyngeal to buccal mucosa via buccal nerve and parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve
quickly divides into many nerves upon leaving foramen ovale
carries parasympathetic and taste from facial via chorda tympani on the lingual nerve

58
Q

what does the mandibular division provide sensory over?

A

over lower portion of face, jaw, lower teeth, lower lip, upper ear and posterior temple area

59
Q

what does the mandibular division provide motor innervation for?

A

major jaw openers and closers (mandible), tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani

60
Q

what is stern’s law in regards to the motor innervation for mandibular division?

A

if the muscle has ‘gloss’ in it is innervated by hypoglossal unless
the muscle has ‘palat-‘ in it which means it is innervated by vagus unless
it had tensor in the name which means it is innervated by the mandibular division of trigeminal

61
Q

what are the parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck?

A

ciliary, sphenopalatine, otic and submandibular

62
Q

what are the 2 types of sensory ganglia in the head and neck?

A

somatosensory and viscerosensory

63
Q

what are the somatosensory ganglia?

A

trigemina, geniculate, vestibular, cochlear, superior and jugular

64
Q

what are the viscerosensory ganglia?

A

geniculate, petrosal and nodose

65
Q

which parasympathetic ganglia does the intrinsic muscles of neck?

A

ciliary

66
Q

what parasympathetic ganglia does glands?

A

otic, sphenopalatine, submandibular

67
Q

describe the pathway of oculomotor nerve to intrinsic eye muscles

A

oculomotor, ciliary ganglion, short ciliary nerves, intrinsic eye muscles

68
Q

describe the route of facial nerve to lacrimal gland

A

facial nerve, greater petrosal, nerve of pterygoid canal, pterygopalatine ganglion, (maxillary division) zygomatic nerve, communicating branch, lacrimal nerve, lacrimal gland

69
Q

describe the route of glossopharyngeal to parotid gland

A

glossopharyngeal, tympanic, tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal, synapse on otic ganglia, (mandibular) auriculotemporal, parotid gland

70
Q

describe the route of facial to submandibular gland

A

facial nerve, chorda tympani, (mandibular) lingual, submandibular ganglion, submandibular gland

71
Q

describe the route of facial to sublingual gland

A

facial nerve, chorda tympani, lingual nerve, submandibular ganglion, lingual nerve, sublingual gland

72
Q

describe the ciliary ganglion

A

seated behind eye above optic nerve, parasympathetic from oculomotor for intrinsic eyes muscles synapse, pass via short ciliary nerve to eye
Sympathetics pass to intrinsic eye muscles via branches of nasociliary from carotid plexus

73
Q

describe the pterygopalatine ganglion

A

seated in pterygopalatine fossa, parasympathetics from greater petrosal nerve synapse and passed via trigeminal to lacrimal gland, palatal mucosa and nasal mucose

74
Q

describe the otic ganglion

A

seated in infratemporal fossa attached to mandibular division of trigeminal, parasympathetics lesser petrosal synapse then passed to parotid gland, buccal and pharyngeal mucosa

75
Q

describe the submandibular ganglion

A

seated off of lingual nerve just above submandibular gland, parasympathetics from chorda tympani via lingual nerve synapse passed via lingual to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

76
Q

what are the 2 types of ganglia for trigeminal?

A

parasympathetics: motor to glands and mucosa
somatosensory: general sensation for face, nasal, oral and orbital cavities

77
Q

what does the geniculate ganglion do?

A

both general sensation and taste

78
Q

how many ganglia are in facial?

A

1

79
Q

how many ganglia are in trigeminal?

A

2

80
Q

how many ganglia are in vestibulocochlear?

A

2

81
Q

describe the cochlear ganglion

A

several sensing sound waves

82
Q

describe the vestibular ganglion

A

one sensing angular acceleration and positioning

83
Q

how many ganglia in glossopharyngeal?

A

2

84
Q

describe the glossopharyngeal ganglia

A

parasympathetics are motor to glands and mucosa
somatosensory are general sensation for tongue and ear
visceral sensation is for taste, blood pressure and blood oxygen content

85
Q

how many ganglia for vagus?

A

2

86
Q

where does vagus send fibers to?

A

enteric ganglia of gut tube

87
Q

describe enteric ganglia

A

parasympathetic ganglia of lower body

88
Q

describe somatosensory and visceral ganglia

A

somatosensory: general sensation

visceral ganglia: tase, blood pressure and blood oxygen content

89
Q

what is the hiccup nerve?

A

vagus

90
Q

vagus does parasympathetic below the neck except for?

A

cloacally derived organs

91
Q

what nerve is responsible for vocalization?

A

vagus

92
Q

what does superior laryngeal split into and where?

A

superior cervical carotid branch before carotids, internal laryngeal through thyrohyoid membrane and external laryngeal to cricothyroid

93
Q

what branches off of vagus near clavicle?

A

recurrent laryngeal

94
Q

how does recurrent laryngeal travel?

A

loops around clavicle up along esophagus and trachea underneath thyroid and inferior pharyngeal constrictor

95
Q

what cranial nerve contributes only sensory fibers to pharyngeal plexus?

A

glossopharyngeal

96
Q

what cranial nerve contributes both motor and sensory to pharyngeal plexus?

A

vagus

97
Q

what innervates superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors?

A

pharyngeal branch of vagus

98
Q

what innervates inferior pharyngeal constrictors?

A

external laryngeal

99
Q

what elevate the soft palate?

A

levator veli palatini

100
Q

what muscles are responsible for voice function>

A

posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid

101
Q

what muscle attaches to torbus tubarius and what does it do?

A

salpingopharyngeus, closes eustachin tube

102
Q

nasociliary nerve travels where in the orbti?

A

medial wall

103
Q

oculomotor splits into superior and inferior where?

A

superior orbital fissure

104
Q

what provides sensation for cornea?

A

nasociliary branch of trigeminal

105
Q

where is the submandibular ganglion located?

A

suspended inferior to lingual nerve

106
Q

where does the opthalamic division of trigeminal go and what does it do after leaving Meckel’s cave?

A

into cavernous sinus to pick up postsynaptic sympathetics to internal carotid

107
Q

what branches of opthalamic of trigeminal enter the orbit outside of the common tendinous ring?

A

frontal and lacrimal

108
Q

what branches of the opthalamic of trigeminal enter orbit through common tendinous ring?

A

nasociliary

109
Q

what branch of nasociliary bypasses ciliary ganglion and where does it go?

A

long ciliary n, directly to eye

110
Q

whar are the branches of nasociliary nerve?

A

long ciliary, internal nasal and infratrochlear

111
Q

what happens to the internal nasal branch of nasociliary?

A

branches into external nasal on to of nose then enters nose

112
Q

what happens to the frontal branch of the opthalamic division of trigeminal?

A

splits into supratrochlear and supraorbital for general sensation of forehead

113
Q

where does the maxillary division of trigeminal travel from meckel’s cave?

A

along middle cranial fossa through foramen routndum into infratemporal fossa

114
Q

before entering infraorbital fissure, maxillary gives off what branch and what does it do?

A

posterior superior alveolar punches into maxilla for general sensation of upper teeth

115
Q

at the infraorbital fissure, the maxillary division branches into what?

A

zygomatic and infraorbital branchees

116
Q

where does infraorbital nerve go?

A

runs along middle orbital floor to infraorbital canal within maxillary bone

117
Q

what infraorbital nerve do?

A

general sensation of mid face below eye, branches toward superior alveolar plexus for general sensation of upper jaw and teeth

118
Q

where does zygomatic nerve go and what does it do?

A

runs along lateral floor of orbit and punches through zygomatic bone for cheek sensation

119
Q

where is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?

A

suspended below infraorbital nerve

120
Q

from the pterygopalatine ganglion, what does trigeminal branch into?

A

greater and lesser palatine, nasopalatine

121
Q

where does nasopalatine nerve travel?

A

through sphenopalatine into nose

122
Q

mandibular division of trigeminal branches into what and where?

A

mastication branches, buccal, lingual, inferior alveolar and auriculotemporal and foramen ovale

123
Q

what branch does inferior alveolar give off?

A

nerve to mylohyoid

124
Q

what does inferior alveolar nerve do?

A

general sensation of teeth and jaw, exits mental foramen to give general sensation to face below mouth

125
Q

what does auriculotemporal do and where does it go?

A

splits around middle meningeal artery to give general sensation to ear, carries parasympathetics from otic ganglion to parotid glands

126
Q

what does lateral pterygoid do?

A

pulls mandible forward to open mouth

127
Q

what does medial pterygoid do?

A

elevates mandible to close mouth

128
Q

what muscle tenses malleus during speech and yawning??

A

tensor tympani

Head and Neck Anatomy (9 decks)

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