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Head and Neck Anatomy > Cranial Nerve and Autonomics Part I > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve and Autonomics Part I Flashcards

1
Q

what does the organization of the 12 cranial nerves parallel?

A

order off brain stem and cranial fossa they exit

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2
Q

what are the 3 functional groups of cranial nerves?

A

sensory, motor and both

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3
Q

what is cranial nerve 1?

A

olfactory

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4
Q

what is cranial nerve 2?

A

optic

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5
Q

what is cranial nerve 3?

A

oculomotor

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6
Q

what is cranial nerve 4?

A

trochlear

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7
Q

what is cranial nerve 5?

A

trigeminal

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8
Q

what is cranial nerve 6?

A

abducens

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9
Q

what is cranial nerve 7?

A

facial

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10
Q

what is cranial nerve 8?

A

vestibulocochlear

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11
Q

what is cranial nerve 9?

A

glossopharyngeal

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12
Q

what is cranial nerve 10?

A

vagus

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13
Q

what is cranial nerve 11?

A

accessory

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14
Q

what is cranial nerve 12?

A

hypoglossal

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15
Q

what cranial nerve exits through the anterior cranial fossa?

A

olfactory

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16
Q

what cranial nerves exit through the middle cranial fossa?

A

optic, occulomotor, trochlear, trigeminal and abducens

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17
Q

what cranial nerves exit through the posterior cranial fossa?

A

facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal

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18
Q

what cranial nerve is in the cerebral cortex of the forebrain?

A

olfactory

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19
Q

what cranial nerve is in the diencephalon of the forebrain?

A

optic

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20
Q

what cranial nerves are in the midbrain?

A

occulomotor and trochlear

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21
Q

what cranial nerves are in the pons of the hindbrain?

A

trigeminal, abducens, facial and vestibulocochlear

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22
Q

what cranial nerves are in the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain?

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal

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23
Q

what cranial nerve are in the cerebellum of the hindbrain

A

none

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24
Q

what cranial nerves are in the spinal cord?

A

all of them

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25
Q

the cranial nerves from which region of the brain never expanded?

A

midbrain

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26
Q

what cranial nerves were stole from midbrain and where did they go?

A

optic went to diencephalon

abducens wen to pons

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27
Q

what nerve runs through the cribiform plate on the ethmoid bone?

A

olfactory

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28
Q

what nerve runs through the optic canal?

A

optic

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29
Q

what nerves run through the superior orbital fissure

A

occulomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic division of trigeminal. abducens

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30
Q

what nerves run through the foramen rotundum?

A

maxillary division of trigeminal

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31
Q

what nerves run through the foramen ovale?

A

mandibular division of trigeminal, lesser petrosal of glossopharyngeal

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32
Q

what runs through the hiatuses for lesser and greater petrosal nerves?

A

lesser (glossopharyngeal) and greater petrosal (facial)

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33
Q

what nerve runs through the foramen lacerum?

A

greater superficial petrosal nerve

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34
Q

what runs through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

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35
Q

what runs through hypoglossal canal?

A

hypoglossal nerve

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36
Q

what runs through the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal, vagus and spinal accessory

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37
Q

what nerves are motor?

A

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal

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38
Q

what nerves are sensory?

A

olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear

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39
Q

what nerves are both sensory and motor?

A

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

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40
Q

what are the 2 main roles of eating?

A

food detection and food capture and processing

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41
Q

what motor nerve assists in food capture and processing?

A

hypoglossal (moves tongue)

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42
Q

what motor nerves assist in food detection?

A

oculomotor, trochlear, abducens (moves eyes)

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43
Q

what sensory nerves assist in food capture and processing?

A

none

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44
Q

what sensory nerves assist in food detection?

A

olfactory, optic and vestibulocochlear

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45
Q

what sensory and motor nerves assist in both food detection and food capture and processing?

A

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

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46
Q

what are the 4 branchial arch ‘feeding nerves’?

A

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus

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47
Q

where is the sympathetic system distributed to and why?

A

all tissue due to vascular smooth muscle

48
Q

where does parasympathetic system not distributed to?

A

limbs or body wall except for external genitalia

49
Q

4 ganglia synapse at parasympathetics and ride what nerve down to their final location?

A

trigeminal

50
Q

what pharyngeal arch cranial nerves are present in humans?

A

1, 2, 3, 4, 6

51
Q

what cranial nerve innervates arch 1?

A

trigeminal

52
Q

what skeletal elements are a part of arch 1?

A

alisphenoid, incus, maxilla, zygomatic squamous part of temporal, mandible, malleus, mekel’s cartilage

53
Q

what muscles are a part of arch 1?

A

muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

54
Q

what parts of the tongue and epiglottis are in arch 1?

A

general sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue

55
Q

what cranial nerve innervated arch 2?

A

facial

56
Q

what skeletal elements are a part of arch 2?

A

stapes, styloid process, lesser horns of hyoid, upper rim of hyoid, reichert’s cartilage

57
Q

what muscles are a part of arch 2?

A

muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius

58
Q

what major glads are a part of arch 2?

A

lacrimal, submandibular, submental

59
Q

what parts of the tongue and epiglottis are a part of arch 2?

A

taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

60
Q

what cranial nerve innervates arch 3?

A

glossopharyngeal

61
Q

what skeletal elements are a part of arch 3?

A

lower rim and greater horns of hyoid

62
Q

what muscle is a part of arch 3?

A

stylopharyngeus

63
Q

what major gland is in arch 3?

A

parotid

64
Q

what parts of the tongue and epiglottis are in arch 3?

A

taste and general sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue

65
Q

what cranial nerve innervates arch 4?

A

vagus

66
Q

what skeletal elements are a part of arch 4?

A

epiglottis and laryngeal cartilages

67
Q

what muscles are a part of arch 4?

A

pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini

68
Q

what major glands are in arch 4?

A

thyroid and parathyroid

69
Q

what parts of the tongue and epiglottis are in arch 4?

A

taste and general sensation from epiglottis

70
Q

what cranial nerve innervated arch 6?

A

vagus

71
Q

what skeletal elements are in arch 6?

A

laryngeal cartilages

72
Q

what muscles are in arch 6?

A

intrinsic muscles of larynx

73
Q

what 5 things do the branchial arch nerves have in common?

A
  1. all derived from branchial arches
  2. provide motor and sensory fibers
  3. either directly provide or offer pathways for nearly all parasympathetic inn (exc UG syst)
  4. offer pathways for sympathetics in head and neck
  5. involved in sensation on tongue or epiglottis
74
Q

how is the facial nerve squeezed?

A

laterally

75
Q

what are the 3 functional parts of the facial nerve?

A

motor, sensory and autonomics

76
Q

what 2 sections are in the motor group?

A

muscles of facial expression and miscellaneous

77
Q

what is included in the muscles of facial expression section?

A 
mentalis, risorius, buccinator
zygomaticus major and minor
orbivularis oris and oculi
platysmal and auricular muscles
occipitofrontalis
78
Q

what is included in the miscellaneous section?

A

stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric

79
Q

what 2 sections are within the sensory group?

A

cutaneous sensory and taste

80
Q

what is included in the cutaneous section?

A

cutaneous over external acoustic meatus

81
Q

what is included in the taste section

A

anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate

82
Q

what 2 sections are in the autonomics group?

A

sympathetics and parasympathetics

83
Q

what is included in the sympathetics section?

A

carries on nerve of pterygoid canal

84
Q

what is included in the parasympathetics section?

A

lacrimal gland, submandibular nad sublingual gland, sinus, nasal and palatal mucosa and tongue

85
Q

describe the route of facial

A

Facial N. enters petrosal bulla, gives off 2 important nerves within:
Greater (Superficial) Petrosal N. containing taste fibers for palate (carried via palatine nerves CN V.2) and parasympathetics for nasal, palatal mucosa and lacrimal gland.

chorda tympani passes through inner ear (out petrotympanic fissure) carriers taste fibers and parasympathetics for tongue, sublingual and submandibular glands via lingual nerve

Nervus intermedius does sensory along superior-posterior external auditory canal

While in the Inner ear, Facial also gives off a twig to Stapedius before exiting via Stylomastoid foramen behind the ear

86
Q

describe the route of the greater superficial petrosal nerve

A

Courses forward on the floor of the middle cranial fossa
before passing through foramen
It joins sympathetic fibers from Carotid plexus via Deep Petrosal N. forming ‘Nerve of the Pterygoid Canal’ then interacts with Pterygopalatine ganglion.

87
Q

what forms the ansa facialis?

A

branches of anterior external facial

88
Q

what branches does ansa facialis have?

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical

89
Q

posterior auricular is a branch of what and where does it go to?

A

facial, to posterior ear muscles and occipitalis

90
Q

nerves to stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric are branches of what nerve?

A

facial

91
Q

what are the 3 functions of glossopharyngeal?

A

motor, sensory and autonomics

92
Q

*what is included in the motor section of glossopharyngeal?

A

pharyngeal elevator stylopharyngeus

93
Q

what group are in the sensory section of glossopharyngeal?

A

cutaneous sensory and taste

94
Q

what does glossopharyngeal give cutaneous sensory over?

A

pharynx, posterior 1/3 of tongue, eustachian tube, middle ear and tympatic membrane

95
Q

what does glossopharyngeal give taste to?

A

posterior 1/3 of tongue

96
Q

what does glossopharyngeal give parasympathetics to?

A

parotid gland (major salivary gland), buccal mucosa, carotid belly and carotid baroreceptors

97
Q

describe path of glossopharyngeal and the branches it gives off along the way

A

Glossopharyngeal exits via jugular foramen, while in the ‘jugular canal’ it gives off the small and important Tympanic Nerve.

Tympanic interacts with sympathetics on the Tympanic Plexus before passing out of the ear as Lesser Petrosal N.

Lesser petrosal passes forward and exits via the foramen ovale with the mandibular division of trigeminal, synapses in otic ganglion, then mandibular division carries its postsynaptic fibers to buccal mucosa and parotid gland via buccal nerve and auriculotemporal nerve respectively

While in the jugular foramen, Glossopharyngeal gives a small twig to vagus which carries it in the vagus’s auricular branch which re-enters the ear and together provide cutaneous innervation over parts of auditory canal

Main branch of glossopharyngeal passes downward tracking stylopharyngeus before giving off the carotid nerve which innervates the carotid body and the pharyngeal plexus which provides sensory to the pharynx

98
Q

describe the path of the main branch of glossopharyngeal

A

main branch passes under free edge of superior pharyngeal constrictor to inn posterior 1/3 of tongue for taste and general sensation

99
Q

what does glossopharyngeal’s 3rd arch become?

A

common carotid

100
Q

what does vagus’ 4th arch become?

A

arch of the aorta

101
Q

what do baroreceptors monitor and regulate?

A

blood pressure

102
Q

what do carotid and aortic bodies monitor and regulate?

A

blood chemistry, O2 and CO2 concentration

103
Q

where are these baroreceptors and carotid and aortic bodies located?

A

on carotid and on arch of the aorta

104
Q

what innervates the carotid body and carotid baroreceptors?

A

glossopharyngeal

105
Q

what innervates the aortic bodies and baroreceptors?

A

vagus

106
Q

what is the only cranial nerve coming off the posterior side of the brain stem?

A

trochlear

107
Q

the facial nerve enters the petrosal bulla and gives off what branches?

A

greater petrosal and chorda tympani

108
Q

the greater petrosal contains taste fibers for what?

A

hard and soft palate

109
Q

what does nervus intermedius from facial do?

A

sensory innervation along superior and posterior external auditory canal

110
Q

greater petrosal passes on the floor of what and then through what?

A

middle cranial fossa, formaen lacerum

111
Q

when does facial nerve become purely motor?

A

exiting stylomastoid foramen

112
Q

where does chorda tympani join lingual nerve?

A

internal temporal fossa

113
Q

what is the anterior border of the jugular foramen?

A

temporal bone

114
Q

what does glossopharyngeal nerve do before exiting jugular foramen?

A

gives off tympanic nerve to tympanic plexus, middle ear and eustachin tube

115
Q

how does glossopharyngeal nerve provide cutaneous innervation to auditory canal?

A

branch to vagus in jugular canal

116
Q

what travels between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors along the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

stylohyoid ligament

Head and Neck Anatomy (9 decks)

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