Cranial Nerve and Autonomics Part I Flashcards
1
Q
what does the organization of the 12 cranial nerves parallel?
A
order off brain stem and cranial fossa they exit
2
Q
what are the 3 functional groups of cranial nerves?
A
sensory, motor and both
3
Q
what is cranial nerve 1?
A
olfactory
4
Q
what is cranial nerve 2?
A
optic
5
Q
what is cranial nerve 3?
A
oculomotor
6
Q
what is cranial nerve 4?
A
trochlear
7
Q
what is cranial nerve 5?
A
trigeminal
8
Q
what is cranial nerve 6?
A
abducens
9
Q
what is cranial nerve 7?
A
facial
10
Q
what is cranial nerve 8?
A
vestibulocochlear
11
Q
what is cranial nerve 9?
A
glossopharyngeal
12
Q
what is cranial nerve 10?
A
vagus
13
Q
what is cranial nerve 11?
A
accessory
14
Q
what is cranial nerve 12?
A
hypoglossal
15
Q
what cranial nerve exits through the anterior cranial fossa?
A
olfactory
16
Q
what cranial nerves exit through the middle cranial fossa?
A
optic, occulomotor, trochlear, trigeminal and abducens
17
Q
what cranial nerves exit through the posterior cranial fossa?
A
facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal
18
Q
what cranial nerve is in the cerebral cortex of the forebrain?
A
olfactory
19
Q
what cranial nerve is in the diencephalon of the forebrain?
A
optic
20
Q
what cranial nerves are in the midbrain?
A
occulomotor and trochlear
21
Q
what cranial nerves are in the pons of the hindbrain?
A
trigeminal, abducens, facial and vestibulocochlear
22
Q
what cranial nerves are in the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain?
A
glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal
23
Q
what cranial nerve are in the cerebellum of the hindbrain
A
none
24
Q
what cranial nerves are in the spinal cord?
A
all of them
25
the cranial nerves from which region of the brain never expanded?
midbrain
26
what cranial nerves were stole from midbrain and where did they go?
optic went to diencephalon
| abducens wen to pons
27
what nerve runs through the cribiform plate on the ethmoid bone?
olfactory
28
what nerve runs through the optic canal?
optic
29
what nerves run through the superior orbital fissure
occulomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic division of trigeminal. abducens
30
what nerves run through the foramen rotundum?
maxillary division of trigeminal
31
what nerves run through the foramen ovale?
mandibular division of trigeminal, lesser petrosal of glossopharyngeal
32
what runs through the hiatuses for lesser and greater petrosal nerves?
lesser (glossopharyngeal) and greater petrosal (facial)
33
what nerve runs through the foramen lacerum?
greater superficial petrosal nerve
34
what runs through the internal acoustic meatus?
facial and vestibulocochlear nerves
35
what runs through hypoglossal canal?
hypoglossal nerve
36
what runs through the jugular foramen?
glossopharyngeal, vagus and spinal accessory
37
what nerves are motor?
oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal
38
what nerves are sensory?
olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear
39
what nerves are both sensory and motor?
trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
40
what are the 2 main roles of eating?
food detection and food capture and processing
41
what motor nerve assists in food capture and processing?
hypoglossal (moves tongue)
42
what motor nerves assist in food detection?
oculomotor, trochlear, abducens (moves eyes)
43
what sensory nerves assist in food capture and processing?
none
44
what sensory nerves assist in food detection?
olfactory, optic and vestibulocochlear
45
what sensory and motor nerves assist in both food detection and food capture and processing?
trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
46
what are the 4 branchial arch 'feeding nerves'?
trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus
47
where is the sympathetic system distributed to and why?
all tissue due to vascular smooth muscle
48
where does parasympathetic system not distributed to?
limbs or body wall except for external genitalia
49
4 ganglia synapse at parasympathetics and ride what nerve down to their final location?
trigeminal
50
what pharyngeal arch cranial nerves are present in humans?
1, 2, 3, 4, 6
51
what cranial nerve innervates arch 1?
trigeminal
52
what skeletal elements are a part of arch 1?
alisphenoid, incus, maxilla, zygomatic squamous part of temporal, mandible, malleus, mekel's cartilage
53
what muscles are a part of arch 1?
muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
54
what parts of the tongue and epiglottis are in arch 1?
general sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue
55
what cranial nerve innervated arch 2?
facial
56
what skeletal elements are a part of arch 2?
stapes, styloid process, lesser horns of hyoid, upper rim of hyoid, reichert's cartilage
57
what muscles are a part of arch 2?
muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
58
what major glads are a part of arch 2?
lacrimal, submandibular, submental
59
what parts of the tongue and epiglottis are a part of arch 2?
taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
60
what cranial nerve innervates arch 3?
glossopharyngeal
61
what skeletal elements are a part of arch 3?
lower rim and greater horns of hyoid
62
what muscle is a part of arch 3?
stylopharyngeus
63
what major gland is in arch 3?
parotid
64
what parts of the tongue and epiglottis are in arch 3?
taste and general sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue
65
what cranial nerve innervates arch 4?
vagus
66
what skeletal elements are a part of arch 4?
epiglottis and laryngeal cartilages
67
what muscles are a part of arch 4?
pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini
68
what major glands are in arch 4?
thyroid and parathyroid
69
what parts of the tongue and epiglottis are in arch 4?
taste and general sensation from epiglottis
70
what cranial nerve innervated arch 6?
vagus
71
what skeletal elements are in arch 6?
laryngeal cartilages
72
what muscles are in arch 6?
intrinsic muscles of larynx
73
what 5 things do the branchial arch nerves have in common?
1. all derived from branchial arches
2. provide motor and sensory fibers
3. either directly provide or offer pathways for nearly all parasympathetic inn (exc UG syst)
4. offer pathways for sympathetics in head and neck
5. involved in sensation on tongue or epiglottis
74
how is the facial nerve squeezed?
laterally
75
what are the 3 functional parts of the facial nerve?
motor, sensory and autonomics
76
what 2 sections are in the motor group?
muscles of facial expression and miscellaneous
77
what is included in the muscles of facial expression section?
```
mentalis, risorius, buccinator
zygomaticus major and minor
orbivularis oris and oculi
platysmal and auricular muscles
occipitofrontalis
```
78
what is included in the miscellaneous section?
stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric
79
what 2 sections are within the sensory group?
cutaneous sensory and taste
80
what is included in the cutaneous section?
cutaneous over external acoustic meatus
81
what is included in the taste section
anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate
82
what 2 sections are in the autonomics group?
sympathetics and parasympathetics
83
what is included in the sympathetics section?
carries on nerve of pterygoid canal
84
what is included in the parasympathetics section?
lacrimal gland, submandibular nad sublingual gland, sinus, nasal and palatal mucosa and tongue
85
describe the route of facial
Facial N. enters petrosal bulla, gives off 2 important nerves within:
Greater (Superficial) Petrosal N. containing taste fibers for palate (carried via palatine nerves CN V.2) and parasympathetics for nasal, palatal mucosa and lacrimal gland.
chorda tympani passes through inner ear (out petrotympanic fissure) carriers taste fibers and parasympathetics for tongue, sublingual and submandibular glands via lingual nerve
Nervus intermedius does sensory along superior-posterior external auditory canal
While in the Inner ear, Facial also gives off a twig to Stapedius before exiting via Stylomastoid foramen behind the ear
86
describe the route of the greater superficial petrosal nerve
Courses forward on the floor of the middle cranial fossa
before passing through foramen
It joins sympathetic fibers from Carotid plexus via Deep Petrosal N. forming 'Nerve of the Pterygoid Canal' then interacts with Pterygopalatine ganglion.
87
what forms the ansa facialis?
branches of anterior external facial
88
what branches does ansa facialis have?
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical
89
posterior auricular is a branch of what and where does it go to?
facial, to posterior ear muscles and occipitalis
90
nerves to stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric are branches of what nerve?
facial
91
what are the 3 functions of glossopharyngeal?
motor, sensory and autonomics
92
*what is included in the motor section of glossopharyngeal?
pharyngeal elevator stylopharyngeus
93
what group are in the sensory section of glossopharyngeal?
cutaneous sensory and taste
94
what does glossopharyngeal give cutaneous sensory over?
pharynx, posterior 1/3 of tongue, eustachian tube, middle ear and tympatic membrane
95
what does glossopharyngeal give taste to?
posterior 1/3 of tongue
96
what does glossopharyngeal give parasympathetics to?
parotid gland (major salivary gland), buccal mucosa, carotid belly and carotid baroreceptors
97
describe path of glossopharyngeal and the branches it gives off along the way
Glossopharyngeal exits via jugular foramen, while in the 'jugular canal' it gives off the small and important Tympanic Nerve.
Tympanic interacts with sympathetics on the Tympanic Plexus before passing out of the ear as Lesser Petrosal N.
Lesser petrosal passes forward and exits via the foramen ovale with the mandibular division of trigeminal, synapses in otic ganglion, then mandibular division carries its postsynaptic fibers to buccal mucosa and parotid gland via buccal nerve and auriculotemporal nerve respectively
While in the jugular foramen, Glossopharyngeal gives a small twig to vagus which carries it in the vagus's auricular branch which re-enters the ear and together provide cutaneous innervation over parts of auditory canal
Main branch of glossopharyngeal passes downward tracking stylopharyngeus before giving off the carotid nerve which innervates the carotid body and the pharyngeal plexus which provides sensory to the pharynx
98
describe the path of the main branch of glossopharyngeal
main branch passes under free edge of superior pharyngeal constrictor to inn posterior 1/3 of tongue for taste and general sensation
99
what does glossopharyngeal's 3rd arch become?
common carotid
100
what does vagus' 4th arch become?
arch of the aorta
101
what do baroreceptors monitor and regulate?
blood pressure
102
what do carotid and aortic bodies monitor and regulate?
blood chemistry, O2 and CO2 concentration
103
where are these baroreceptors and carotid and aortic bodies located?
on carotid and on arch of the aorta
104
what innervates the carotid body and carotid baroreceptors?
glossopharyngeal
105
what innervates the aortic bodies and baroreceptors?
vagus
106
what is the only cranial nerve coming off the posterior side of the brain stem?
trochlear
107
the facial nerve enters the petrosal bulla and gives off what branches?
greater petrosal and chorda tympani
108
the greater petrosal contains taste fibers for what?
hard and soft palate
109
what does nervus intermedius from facial do?
sensory innervation along superior and posterior external auditory canal
110
greater petrosal passes on the floor of what and then through what?
middle cranial fossa, formaen lacerum
111
when does facial nerve become purely motor?
exiting stylomastoid foramen
112
where does chorda tympani join lingual nerve?
internal temporal fossa
113
what is the anterior border of the jugular foramen?
temporal bone
114
what does glossopharyngeal nerve do before exiting jugular foramen?
gives off tympanic nerve to tympanic plexus, middle ear and eustachin tube
115
how does glossopharyngeal nerve provide cutaneous innervation to auditory canal?
branch to vagus in jugular canal
116
what travels between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors along the glossopharyngeal nerve?
stylohyoid ligament
