Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Head and Neck Anatomy > Organization of Head and Neck > Flashcards

Organization of Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the 5 parts of the total body segment is not included in the head and neck?

A

Urogenital System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the 5 parts of the total body segment has the greatest elaboration?

A

Gut tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is included in the neural tube for the head and neck?

A

brain stem, brain, cranial nerves, eyes, olfactory bulb and neural ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is included in the cardiovascular loop for the head and neck?

A

vasculature and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is included in the gut tube for the head and neck?

A

nose, mouth, ears, facial/chewing/swallowing muscles, parasympathetics, pharynx and larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is included in the body wall for the head and neck?

A

skull, cornea, pinna, skin and hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What commands/directs body wall?

A

neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 total body segments have a partnership?

A

neural tube and gut tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is interposed between neural tube and gut tube?

A

notochord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 parts of the brain stem

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is in the forebrain?

A

diencephalon and cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is in the midbrain?

A

midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is in the hindbrain?

A

pons, medulla, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two elaborations of the brain stem?

A

cerebral cortex and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What role was the forebrain originally formed for?

A

chemical detection and olfactory signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What role was the midbrain originally formed for?

A

vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the hindbrain originally formed for?

A

feeding and detection of mechanical wave stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 partnerships between the neural and gut tube?

A

olfactory, hearing/balance, taste and vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the glandular components of head and neck are derived from what?

A

gut tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do all cranial nerves project from?

A

neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what facial cavity is derived from the neural tube?

A

eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what facial cavities are derived from the gut tube?

A

hearing, balance, taste and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do the ear, eye, nose and mouth all begin as?

A

pits in ectoderm of embryonic head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe the development of the nose

A

specialized patches of ectoderm develop into neurons and convey smell to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe the development of the eye

A

lens of eye develops from invagination of embryonic ectoderm, retina forms from the outgrowth of the brain that wraps around the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

describe the development of the ear

A

invaginating ectodermal pit remains in its cavity, fluid filled sac becomes a system of tubules (hearing/balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

describe the development of the tongue

A

specialized flap of chemically sensitive tissue contained in the oral cavity which ruptures through the ectoderm to form the oral opening, tongue muscles came later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which 4 nerves develop from the arches?

A

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 3 developmental components of the skull?

A

dermatocranium, chondrocranium and splanchnocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

describe dermatocranium

A

derived from neural crest and skin, shielding bone coats and protects neural and gut tubes, provides framework for gut tube openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are some examples of dermatocranium?

A

clavicles and teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

describe chondrocranium

A

derived from pre-chordal cartilage (extensions of notochord), cups and supports neural tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What coats chondrocranium?

A

dermatocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

describe splanchnocranium

A

hangs from underside of chondrocranium, derived from gill bars, framework of head’s gut tube, some of it is replaced by dermatocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what bones are made of chondrocranium?

A

ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what bones are made of splanchnocranium?

A

hyoid, stapes, incus, malleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what bones are made of dermatocranium?

A

frontal, parietal, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, vomer, palatine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what bone is made of both chondrocranium and dermatocranium?

A

occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what bones are made of dermatocranium and splanchnocranium?

A

maxilla and mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what bones are made from all 3?

A

sphenoid and temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

why does dermatocranium replace splanchnocranium in the jaw?

A

dermatocranium can grow teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what are the muscles of the head and neck derived from?

A

pharyngeal arch muscles, occipital somite muscles and preotic somitomere muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

describe pharyngeal arch muscles

A

derived from gill bars, specialized gut tube muscles innervated by brachial arch, feeding nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

describe occipital somite muscles

A

derived from cranial most somites, innervated by motor only cranial nerves from back end of brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

describe preotic somitomere muscles

A

derived from somitomeres (neural crest), related to eye, innervated by motor only cranial nerves from in and around midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

all tongue muscles are derived from what?

A

occipital somites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

the extraoccular muscles are derived from what?

A

preotic somitomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is the superficial muscle of the neck?

A

platysma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is platysma innervated by

A

cervical branch of facial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what does platysma do?

A

manipulate skin of face

51
Q

what does the external cervical fascia cover?

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

52
Q

what does the middle cervical fascia cover?

A

infrahyoid strap muscles

53
Q

what does the pretracheal fascia cover?

A

surrounds thyroid gland

54
Q

what is the paniculus camosa?

A

specialized sheet of muscle, humans lost all except platysma and pyrimidalis

55
Q

what is the ‘danger space’ and why is it called that?

A

between alar and prevertebral fascia, it is called this because it is a continuous space from the head and neck to the thorax

56
Q

what links the pretrachial fascia and the carotid sheaths on either side of the brain?

A

alar/buccopharyngeal fascias

57
Q

what makes up the posterior triangle?

A

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and clavicle

58
Q

what muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle?

A

splenius, levator scapulae, the scalenes, omohyoid

59
Q

what are the scalenes homologous to?

A

intercostals

60
Q

what nerves pass through posterior triangle?

A

accessory nerve, phrenic nerve, cutaneous nerves of neck, dorsal scapular nerve, C3 and C4 joining accessory nerve, long thoracic nerve, brachial plexus

61
Q

what are the cutaneous nerves of the neck?

A

lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular

62
Q

what arteries pass through posterior triangle?

A

suprascapular artery and transverse cervical artery

63
Q

what vein passes through the posterior triangle?

A

external jugular vein

64
Q

where do the cutaneous nerves of the neck emerge from?

A

external cervical fascia around erb’s point

65
Q

what cranial nerve is spinal accessory nerve?

A

11

66
Q

what does spinal accessory innervate?

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

67
Q

how does spinal accessory nerve exit the skull?

A

via jugular foramen

68
Q

what is the internal jugular deep to?

A

sternocleidomastoid

69
Q

where can you find communicating vein?

A

along forward boundary of sternocleidomastoid

70
Q

what direction does the transverse cervical nerve travel?

A

forward

71
Q

what direction does the transverse cervical artery travel?

A

backwards

72
Q

what artery goes to deep neck?

A

ascending cervical artery

73
Q

what artery goes to the thyroid?

A

inferior thyroid artery

74
Q

where does the vertebral artery go?

A

runs through transverse foramena to brain

75
Q

what artery feeds both thyroid and neck?

A

thyrocervical trunk

76
Q

give the order of scalenes and neurovasculature from superficial to deep

A

posterior scalene, middle scalene, neurovasculature, anterior scalene

77
Q

what travels within the carotid sheath?

A

vagus, carotid, internal jugular, glossopharyngeal, accessory

78
Q

what travels just posterior to the carotid sheath?

A

sympathetic trunk

79
Q

Where is the ansa cervicalis located?

A

anterior to carotid sheath

80
Q

what 2 branches does the ansa cervicalis have?

A

superior and inferior

81
Q

what contributes to the inferior branch of ansa cervicalis?

A

C2 and C3

82
Q

what contributes to the superior branch of ansa cervicalis?

A

C1

83
Q

what type of innervation does ansa cervicalis provide and to where?

A

motor to infrahyoid

84
Q

what are the 3 types of ansa cervicalis and how common are they?

A

classic/lateral: 33%
medial 63%
mixed: 3%

85
Q

describe the classical/lateral type of ansa cervicalis

A

C2 and C3 run in front of external jugular

86
Q

describe the medial type of ansa cervicalis

A

C2 and C3 run behind external jugular

87
Q

describe the mixed type of ansa cervicalis

A

C2 goes behind external jugular but C3 goes in front

88
Q

what are the 3 long routes up to the neck?

A

common carotid, vertebral and deep cervical

89
Q

describe the common carotid route

A

bifurcates into external and internal carotids at the carotid sinus

90
Q

describe the vertebral route

A

runs within transverse formamina of the cervical vertebrae all the way to the circle of Willis

91
Q

describe deep cervical

A

small vessel for epaxial muscles of neck

92
Q

which neck muscle is epaxial?

A

splenius

93
Q

what artery does not branch until it reaches the brain?

A

internal carotid artery

94
Q

how many arteries branch off of external jugular?

A

8

95
Q

what are the 8 branches that the external carotid gives off?

A

superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricle, maxillary, superficial temporal

96
Q

which are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

maxillary, superficial temporal

97
Q

Why is the facial artery tortuous?

A

to stretch when opening mouth

98
Q

what artery branches off of larynx

A

superior thyroid

99
Q

what nerves interact with the external carotid?

A

glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal, vagus and sympathetic trunk

100
Q

where does glossopharyngeal course?

A

between external and internal carotid

101
Q

where does hypoglossal course?

A

lateral to carotids

102
Q

where does vagus and sympathetic trunk course?

A

parallel and posterior to internal carotid

103
Q

Describe the stylopharyngeus

A

inserts onto pharynx, lifts it in swallowing, parallel to glossopharyngeal between carotids

104
Q

describe stylohyoid

A

off of styloid process, splits around tendinous part of digastric

105
Q

what hyoid muscles are part of one strip and where do they split?

A

thyrohyoid/sternohyid split at thyroid cartilage

106
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles homologous to?

A

rectus of thorax/abdomen

107
Q

where do the infrahyoid muscles get their innervation?

A

special innervation from ansa cervicalis

108
Q

what are muscles above the hyoid innervated by?

A

cranial nerves

109
Q

what are muscles below the hyoid innervated by?

A

spinal nerves

110
Q

what is the only exception to cranial nerve innervation being above the hyoid?

A

geniohyoid inn by hypoglossal

111
Q

what makes up the anterior triangle?

A

lower border of mandible, sternocleidomastoid, midline

112
Q

what 2 structures make up the floor of the anterior triangle?

A

vertebrae and longus colli

113
Q

what structure are within the anterior triangle?

A

pharynx, esophagus, hyoid muscles, thyroid, larynx, parathyroids, carotid and internal jugular

114
Q

What is a specialized gut tube gland?

A

thyroid gland

115
Q

what is the foramen cecum?

A

where thyroid descended through tongue

116
Q

How does the thyroid gland (and parathyroid and thymus) develop?

A

from the brachial arches in association with the tongue, descend to take up positions anterior to gut tube surrounding cricoid cartilage or anterior mediastinum

117
Q

What is the thyroid gland shaped like?

A

butterfly

118
Q

What is the thyroid gland innervated by?

A

vagus (parasympathetic) and cervical sympathetic ganglia (sympathetic)

119
Q

How does the thyroid gland get its blood supply?

A

superior and inferior thyroid artery

120
Q

what are the 3 drainage pathways for the thyroid gland?

A

superior, middle and inferior thyroid vein

121
Q

What is the function of the thyroid?

A

thyroid releases hormones into blood stream to regulate metab

122
Q

what is parathyroid innervated by?

A

vagus (parasympathetic) and cervical sympathetic ganglia (sympathetic)

123
Q

why does the thyroid have 3 separate veins for drainage?

A

for better dispersal of hormones

124
Q

what does the parathyroid regulate?

A

calcium levels

Head and Neck Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions