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Histology Exam 2 Material > The ear > Flashcards

The ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of the outer ear

A

Auricle, External auditory meatus, Tympantic membrane

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2
Q

What is the structure of the auricle

A

integument overlying elastic cartilage

  • integument is thin, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • Hair follicles can be observed in the dermis
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3
Q

The auricle is the

A

pinna of the ear

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4
Q

The outer third of the ear canal is composed of

A

elastic cartilage

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5
Q

The inner two thirds of the ear canal is composed of

A

bone

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6
Q

The lining of the ear canal is

A

stratified squamous epithelium with sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands (modified sebaceous glands)

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7
Q

What separates the external auditory meatus form the middle ear

A

The tympanic membrane

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8
Q

The core of the Tympanic membrane is formed from

A

Vacularized, innervated CT

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9
Q

The external surface of the tympanic membrane is covered by

A

thin skin

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10
Q

The internal surface of the tympanic membrane is covered by

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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11
Q

The middle ear (tympanic cavity) is composed of

A

Auditory ossicles: Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Openings: oval window, round window
Muscles: Tensor tympani, Stapedius

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12
Q

____ attaches to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane

A

Malleus

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13
Q

The malleus articulates with the

A

Incus (anvil)

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14
Q

What is the intermediate bone between the stapes and malleus

A

Incus (anvil)

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15
Q

What is the third auditory ossicle in the series

A

Stapes

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16
Q

Why is the stapes shaped like a stirrup

A

due to the opening for the stapedial artery

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17
Q

The stapes inserts onto the

A

oval window

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18
Q

The oval window opens into the

A

scala vestibuli

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19
Q

The round window is a membrane covered region at the end of the

A

scala tympani

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20
Q

Where does the tensor tympani insert

A

on the malleus

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21
Q

Where does the stapedius insert

A

on the stapes

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the tensor tympani and stapedius

A

These muscles contract reflexively in response to loud sounds in order to dampen the vibrations of the auditory ossicles

23
Q

The inner ear consists of what regions

A

Bony labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
Vestibular organ
Auditory organ

24
Q

Complex system of canals and chambers embedded in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

A

Bony labyrinth

25
Q

The bony labyrinth is filled with

A

High-sodium content perilymph

26
Q

The bony labyrinth consists of

A

semicircular canals
cochlea
Scala Vestibuli
Scala Tympani

27
Q

The membranous labyrinth is a

A

complex system of membranous structures embedded within the chambers of the bony labyrinth

28
Q

The membranous labyrinth is filled with

A

high-potassium content endolymp

29
Q

Endolymph is high in

A

potassium content

30
Q

Perilymph is high in

A

Sodium content

31
Q

Patches of sensory structures that respond to changes in position

A

Vestibular organs

32
Q

The vestibular organs consist of

A

Maculae of the saccule and utricle

cristae ampullaris of the semicircular canals

33
Q

Epithelium of the Maculae of Saccule and Utricle

A
  • Columnar supporting cells
  • Vestibular hair cells
    - Numerous stereocilia
    - Single kinocilium
34
Q

Vestibular hair cells are in contact with

A

afferent nerve endings

35
Q

The otolithic membrane is a characteristic of

A

Maculae of Saccule and Utricle

36
Q

Gelatinous layer containing calcium carbonate crystals called otoliths that overlie the epithelium

A

Otolithic membrane

37
Q

Components of the membranous labyrinth

A

Utricle
Saccule
Ampullae, which contains the crista ampullaris
Semicircular ducts (which open into the utricle)
Cochlea

38
Q

Sterocilia of the vestibular hair cells of the Saccule and Utricle are embedded in

A

The otolithic membrane

39
Q

Movements of the hair cells displaces the otolithic membrane and causes

A

a sensory impulse

40
Q

Important characteristics of the cristae ampullares of semicircular ducts epithelium

A

Columnar supporting cells

Hair cells

41
Q

What is the Cupula

A

It is a gelatinous layer overlying the epithelium of cristae Ampullares (note that it is very similar to otolithic membrane but without ostoliths (calcium carbonate crystals))

42
Q

Movement of the hair cell in the cupula creates

A

shear forces between the semicircular canals and the contained fluid
this displaces the cupula and causes the stereocilia to bend

43
Q

What are the sensory receptors of the membranous labyrinth

A

cristae ampullares
macula utriculi
macula sacculi
organ of Corti, which is in the Cochlea

44
Q

what anchors the otolithic membrane to the sensory epithelium

A

Otogelin

45
Q

The auditory organ (cochlea) consists of

A

cochlear duct

Organ of corti

46
Q

The coclear duct (scala media) consists of

A 
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
vestibular membrane
basilar membrane
stria vascularis
47
Q

The coclear duct (scala media) divides the bony cochlea into

A

scala vestibuli and scala tympani

48
Q

The vestibular membrane forms the ____ of the cochlear duct

A

roof

49
Q

The basilar membrane forms the ____ of the cochlear duct

A

floor

50
Q

What forms the lateral aspect of the cochlear duct (scala media)

A

Stria vascularis

51
Q

The stria vascularis participates in the formation of the

A

Endolymph

52
Q

What lies on the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct

A

Organ of Corti

53
Q

The potential difference between the perilymph and the endolymph is

A

+80 mV

54
Q

The resting intracellular potential of a hair cell is

A

-70 mV

Histology Exam 2 Material (9 decks)

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