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Histology Exam 2 Material > Cardiac Tissue > Flashcards

Cardiac Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

How is cardiac muscle nucleated

A

single mono nucleated cells

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2
Q

How is the nuclei of cardiac cells positioned

A

Centrally

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3
Q

Does cardiac tissue have a sarcomeric arrangement

A

Yes

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4
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue cells communicate via

A

Gap Junctions

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5
Q

What are the gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells

A

intercalated discs

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6
Q

Are cardiac muscle tissues directly innervated

A

No

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7
Q

Are the T-Tubules as extensive as those in skeletal muscle

A

No

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8
Q

Each T-tubule in cardiac muscles interacts with

A

one cisterna (rather than two as in skeletal muscle)

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9
Q

Cardiac muscle tissues T-Tubules form a

A

Diad

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10
Q

Where are the diads of cardiac muscles located

A

at the level of the Z-lines

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11
Q

What is the composition of Intercalated disks

A

Macula adherentes (desmosomes)
Fascia adherentes
Gap junction

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12
Q

What link intermediate filaments (desmin) of adjoining cardiac muscle cells

A

Macula adherentes (desmosomes)

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13
Q

The macula adherentes (desmosomes) are part of _______ component of intercalated disk

A

Transverse

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14
Q

Fascia adherentes anchor _____ filaments of sarcomeres in intercalated disks

A

actin

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15
Q

Fascia adherentes are part of _____ component of intercalated disks

A

Transverse

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16
Q

The gap junctions are part of the ______ component in intercalated disks

A

Longitudinal

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17
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptides (ANP) is secreted by

A

cardiac cells in the atria

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18
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) regulate what

A

fluid electrolyte balance

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19
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) relax what

A

vascular smooth muscle

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20
Q

The main function of Atrial Natriuretic Peptides (ANP)

A

reduces blood volume and BP

21
Q

Where is Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) stored and as what

A

In secretory vesicles stored as prohormone

22
Q

When is atrial natriuretic peptide released

A

release is stimulated by atrial stretch

- results in cleavage of prohormone

23
Q

What are synonyms of smooth muscle tissue

A

Involuntary

Visceral

24
Q

Smooth muscle tissue is what nucleation

A

mononucleated

25
Q

Where is the nucleus of smooth muscle tissue located

A

Central nuclei

26
Q

Does smooth muscle tissue have a sarcomeric arrangement

A

No

27
Q

Smooth muscle tissue is innervated via what

A

ANS or Enteric system

28
Q

Does smooth muscle tissue respond “all or nothing”

A

No

29
Q

How are smooth muscle tissues connected

A

via gap junctions

30
Q

In smooth muscle cells ___ and ____ bundles are incorporated into a meshwork arrangement

A

actin and myosin

31
Q

Where are the actin and myosin bundles incorporated in smooth muscle cells

A

Found throughout cytoplasm except in nuclear area

32
Q

Do smooth muscle cells have dense bodies

A

yes

33
Q

What anchor actin filaments to each other and to cell membrane of smooth muscle cells

A

Dense bodies

34
Q

Dense bodies of smooth muscle cells contain what

A

Alpha-actinin

35
Q

Dense bodies are interconnected by what

A

a specific type of desmin

36
Q

What communicate force of contraction to cytoskeleton and cell membrane of smooth muscle cells

A

Dense Bodies

37
Q

Where are dense bodies of smooth muscle cells found

A

in cytoplasm and in the cell membrane

38
Q

Do smooth muscle cells have a T-Tubule system or extensive SR

A

No

39
Q

Where do smooth muscle cells get calcium

A

They are dependent on extracellular calcium concentration

40
Q

What may transport calcium ions from extracellular fluids to sarcoplasmic reticulum of smooth muscle cells

A

Pinocytotic Vesicles

41
Q

Lipid rafts are composed of what

A

cholesterol and sphingolipids

42
Q

Caveolin binds to what ______ in lipid rafts and initiates the formation of what

A

Cholesterol, Caveolae

43
Q

What are Caveolae

A

permanet depressions of the cell membrane that are involved in fluid and electrolyte transport

44
Q

Vesicles that are formed detach and participate in what

A

vesicular trafficking

45
Q

Innervation fo smooth muscles may either ____ or _____ contraction of the muscle cells

A

facilitate, inhibit

46
Q

Adrenergic and muscarinic receptors are linked to what

A

G-proteins

47
Q

Nicotininc cholinergic receptors

A

cation channel

48
Q

Smooth muscle sheets of most major organs are what

A

poorly innervated

49
Q

Excitation in smooth muscles is spread through numerous what

A

gap junctions

Histology Exam 2 Material (9 decks)

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