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Instruments > The Compass | Compass Swing > Flashcards

The Compass | Compass Swing Flashcards

1
Q

Compass swings should be performed ___

A
  • After a shock to the airframe
  • After a lightning strike
  • Left on same heading for long time
  • Move to different latitude
  • Major components/installations change
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2
Q

Aircraft magnetism can be classified into 3 components

A
  • Hard Iron
  • Soft Iron
  • Electrical
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3
Q

Hard iron is ____ and arises from

A

permanent, the aircraft being on a particular heading at a particular latitude for some time when it was being made

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4
Q

___ iron is the controlling factor in deviation

A

hard

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5
Q

Hard iron’s effect is ___ with hammering

A

increased

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6
Q

Hard iron’s effect ___ when the aircraft starts flying, but will never completely disappear

A

weakens

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7
Q

Hard iron has ____ and ___ effects which can be corrected with magnets

A

vertical horizontal

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8
Q

Hard iron can be visualised as ___ components at the compass position

A

3

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9
Q

All hard iron effects are represented by ___ letters

A

capital

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10
Q

Hard iron does (not) change with latitude as the H force is ___ and the magnets are more easily deflected

A

not weaker

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11
Q

P is ___ and ___

A

fore aft

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12
Q

P is ___ when it pulls the red end of the compass needle to the rear.

A

minus

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13
Q

P is ___ if it pulls the red end of the compass needle to the front

A

plus

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14
Q

P will cause a deviation that depends on the component’s ___.

A

polarity

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15
Q

P is maximum when facing ___ and ___

A

East and West

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16
Q

P is _ when facing South

A

0

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17
Q

Maximum deviation from P is called ___ ___, which is expressed as an angle

A

Coefficient B

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18
Q

Maximum deviation from P is called coefficient ___, which is expressed as an angle

A

Coefficient B

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19
Q

Q is ___ to ___

A

left to right

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20
Q

Q is ___ if it pulls the red end of the compass needle to starboard

A

plus

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21
Q

Q is ___ if it pulls the red end of the compass needle to port

A

minus

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22
Q

Q is maximum on ___ and ___

A

north and south

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23
Q

Maximum deviation from Q is resolved with coefficient ____

A

coefficient C

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24
Q

R is ___ and ___

A

up and down

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25
Q

R is ___ if it pulls the red end of the compass needle down

A

plus

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26
Q

R is ___ if it pulls the red end of the compass needle up

A

minus

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27
Q

R is always ___ if built in the Northern Hemisphere

A

positive

28
Q

Soft iron is a ___ influence that only appears when the metal in the aircraft is affected by the Earth’s magentic field and electrical systems

A

temporary

29
Q

The soft iron effect depends on the ___ and ___ of the aircraft, and its geographic position

A

heading attitude

30
Q

___ iron effect changes with heading

A

Soft

31
Q

The soft iron vertical heading is stronger at ___ latitudes, because H is ___

A

high reduced

32
Q

The horizontal element is split further into _ and _ to match the longitudinal and lateral axis of the aircraft

A

X Y

33
Q

Z is the ___ axis of the aircraft

A

vertical

34
Q

Soft iron is visualised as coming from _ soft iron rods near the compass, they are:

A 
9
aX
bY
cZ
dX
eY
fZ
gX
hY
kZ
35
Q

cZ is __ and __

A

fore and aft

36
Q

cZ acts like _ and _, and does (not) change with heading

A

P Q not

37
Q

_ will only change sign if moved into the other magnetic hemisphere

A

Z

38
Q

fZ is ___

A

athwartships

39
Q

fZ is like ___ and ___, does (not) change polarity with heading

A

P Q not

40
Q

kZ is the ___ axis

A

vertical

41
Q

Residuals should not exceed _ degree for a gyromagnetic compass

A

1

42
Q

Residuals should not exceed _ degrees for a DRC

A

3

43
Q

Combined changes should not exceed _ degrees

A

2

44
Q

Deviations in level flight should not exceed __ degrees

A

10

45
Q

The maximum limits are +/- _ degrees for a gyromagnetic compass, and +/-__ degrees for a DRC

A

3 15

46
Q

Error _ is corrected first, then _, then _

A

B, C, A

47
Q

___ magnets are used in a E2Bcompass

A

Scissor

48
Q

___ magnets are used in a gyro compass

A

Electro

49
Q

Deviations from the components of hard and soft iron can be resolved into the components ___

A
  • Coefficient A
  • Coefficient B
  • Coefficient C
  • Coefficient D
  • Coefficient E
50
Q

Coefficient A is ___ on all headings

A

constant

51
Q

Coefficient A is found by dividing the sum of the deviations on the cardinal and intercardinal points by _

A

8

52
Q

Coefficient A is caused by ___ soft iron around the compass and is similar to the deviation caused by the lubber line being out of alignment

A

assymetric

53
Q

___ A may be caused by an error in the magnetic bearing of an object used for swinging

A

Apparent

54
Q

Coefficient B is the ___ and ___ magnet

A

fore aft

55
Q

Coefficient B is used to resolve deviations from _ + __

A

P cZ

56
Q

Coefficient B produces maximum values on __ and ___, with zero on ___ and ___

A

East West North South

57
Q

Coeffient B varies with the ___ of the heading

A

sin

58
Q

Coefficient B is the result of dividing - by 2

A

E-W

59
Q

Coefficient C is the ___ magnet

A

athwartships

60
Q

Coefficient C has maximum values on _ and _

A

N S

61
Q

Coefficient C varies as the ___ of the heading

A

cosine

62
Q

Coefficient C is used to resolve deviations from _ + __

A

Q cz

63
Q

Coefficient C is the result of dividing - by 2

A

N-S

64
Q

Coefficient D is ___ iron on quadrantals

A

soft

65
Q

Coefficient E is ___ iron on cardinal points

A

soft

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