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Biology > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the heart muscle?

A

contracts rhythmically without getting tires to pump blood around the body

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2
Q

which vein takes blood from the small intestine to the liver?

A

hepatic portal vein

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3
Q

do arteries carry blood towards or away from the heart?

A

away

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4
Q

what route does the blood take through the heart?

A

vena cava —> right atrium —> right ventricle —> pulmonary artery —> pulmonary vein —> left artium —> left ventricle —> aorta

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5
Q

during one beat of the heart what do the muscular walls do?

A

contract and relax once

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6
Q

where are the cardiac muscles found?

A

the heart

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7
Q

which artery takes blood to the liver?

A

hepatic artery

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8
Q

which artery takes blood to the kidneys?

A

renal artery

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9
Q

which artery takes blood to the lungs?

A

pulmonary artery

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10
Q

which vein doesn’t carry deoxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary vein why does blood slow down when it travels through capillaries?

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11
Q

why does blood slow down when it travels through capillaries?

A

it allows time for exchange of materials between blood and cells

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12
Q

why are capillary walls so thin?

A

so substances can diffuse in and out of them easily

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13
Q

in which vessels can a pulse be felt?

A

arteries

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14
Q

which artery doesn’t carry oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary artery

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15
Q

what pressure does blood flow at in veins?

A

low pressure

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16
Q

what is the space like inside of veins?

A

wide

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17
Q

do veins have a layer of muscle?

A

yes - they have a thin layer

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18
Q

do veins have valves?

A

yes - valves stop the back flow of blood

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19
Q

do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

deoxygenated

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20
Q

what is the function of veins?

A

they carry blood back to the heart

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21
Q

what pressure does blood flow through capillaries?

A

low pressure

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22
Q

do capillaries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

both

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23
Q

what are capillary walls like?

A

very thin

24
Q

do capillaries have valves?

A

no

25
Q

what do valves do?

A

stop the back flow of blood

26
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary vein?

A

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

27
Q

what is the function of the right atrium?

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the venae cavae

28
Q

what is the function of the left ventricle?

A

VERY muscular chamber which pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

29
Q

what is the function of the aorta?

A

artery that carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

30
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary artery?

A

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

31
Q

what is the function of the left atrium?

A

receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery

32
Q

what is the function of the venae cavae?

A

returns deoxygenates blood to the heart from the body

33
Q

what is the function of the right ventricle?

A

less muscular chamber which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

34
Q

do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

oxygenated

35
Q

what pressure does the blood flow tin arteries?

A

high

36
Q

do arteries have muscle?

A

yes - they have a thick layer of muscle

37
Q

do arteries have valves?

A

no

38
Q

what is the space inside an artery like?

A

narrow

39
Q

what is the function of capillaries?

A

connect arteries and veins

40
Q

name some characteristics of white blood cells

A
  • made in bone marrow and lymph nodes
  • have a nucleus
  • don’t contain haemoglobin
  • two types : PHAGOCYTES which engulf and destroy microbes and LYMPHOCYTES which make antibodies
41
Q

name some characteristics of platelets

A
  • no nucleus
  • small fragments of cells
  • made in bone marrow
  • involved in blood clotting
42
Q

name some characteristics of red blood cells

A
  • biconcave disc
  • red cell
  • no nucleus
  • large surface area
  • made in bone marrow
  • contain haemoglobin
43
Q

what is the function of white blood cells?

A

they fight disease

44
Q

what is the function of red blood cells?

A

they carry oxygen

45
Q

what are the substances dissolved in plasma?

A 
glucose 
amino acids 
salt 
hormones 
urea
carbon dioxide
46
Q

what is plasma?

A

water and dissolved substances

47
Q

what is blood made of?

A

50% blood cells

50% plasma

48
Q

list some lifestyle factors that increase the risk of CHD

A
  • genetics
  • high cholesterol
  • high fat diet
  • lack of exercise
  • smoking
  • stress
49
Q

how can lipids damage arteries?

A

they lay down in the artery wall. This causes the arteries to become stiff - this is called hardening of the arteries

50
Q

what is CHD?

A

coronary heart disease

51
Q

why do multi cellular organisms such as large fungi, animals and plants have circulatory systems?

A

to transport oxygen and glucose for respiration

52
Q

what is a double circulation system?

A

when blood is pumped from the heart to the body and back.

53
Q

do unicellular organisms need circulation systems?

A

no - they use diffusion because the diffusion distance us so short.

54
Q

what is adrenaline?

A

a hormone what affects the heart and blood vessels

55
Q

when is adrenaline produced?

A

to prepare the body for action

56
Q

what does adrenaline do?

A
  • increases heart rate
  • widens blood vessels going to the brain and muscles
  • narrows blood vessels to the digestive system organs

Biology (20 decks)

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