The Circulatory System

Question 1

What is the function of the heart muscle?

Answer 1

contracts rhythmically without getting tires to pump blood around the body

Question 2

which vein takes blood from the small intestine to the liver?

Answer 2

hepatic portal vein

Question 3

do arteries carry blood towards or away from the heart?

Answer 3

away

Question 4

what route does the blood take through the heart?

Answer 4

vena cava —> right atrium —> right ventricle —> pulmonary artery —> pulmonary vein —> left artium —> left ventricle —> aorta

Question 5

during one beat of the heart what do the muscular walls do?

Answer 5

contract and relax once

Question 6

where are the cardiac muscles found?

Answer 6

the heart

Question 7

which artery takes blood to the liver?

Answer 7

hepatic artery

Question 8

which artery takes blood to the kidneys?

Answer 8

renal artery

Question 9

which artery takes blood to the lungs?

Answer 9

pulmonary artery

Question 10

which vein doesn’t carry deoxygenated blood?

Answer 10

pulmonary vein why does blood slow down when it travels through capillaries?

Question 11

why does blood slow down when it travels through capillaries?

Answer 11

it allows time for exchange of materials between blood and cells

Question 12

why are capillary walls so thin?

Answer 12

so substances can diffuse in and out of them easily

Question 13

in which vessels can a pulse be felt?

Answer 13

arteries

Question 14

which artery doesn’t carry oxygenated blood?

Answer 14

pulmonary artery

Question 15

what pressure does blood flow at in veins?

Answer 15

low pressure

Question 16

what is the space like inside of veins?

Answer 16

wide

Question 17

do veins have a layer of muscle?

Answer 17

yes - they have a thin layer

Question 18

do veins have valves?

Answer 18

yes - valves stop the back flow of blood

Question 19

do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 19

deoxygenated

Question 20

what is the function of veins?

Answer 20

they carry blood back to the heart

Question 21

what pressure does blood flow through capillaries?

Answer 21

low pressure

Question 22

do capillaries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 22

both

Question 23

what are capillary walls like?

Answer 23

very thin

Question 24

do capillaries have valves?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

what do valves do?

Answer 25

stop the back flow of blood

Question 26

what is the function of the pulmonary vein?

Answer 26

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 27

what is the function of the right atrium?

Answer 27

receives deoxygenated blood from the venae cavae

Question 28

what is the function of the left ventricle?

Answer 28

VERY muscular chamber which pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

Question 29

what is the function of the aorta?

Answer 29

artery that carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

Question 30

what is the function of the pulmonary artery?

Answer 30

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 31

what is the function of the left atrium?

Answer 31

receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery

Question 32

what is the function of the venae cavae?

Answer 32

returns deoxygenates blood to the heart from the body

Question 33

what is the function of the right ventricle?

Answer 33

less muscular chamber which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 34

do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

Answer 34

oxygenated

Question 35

what pressure does the blood flow tin arteries?

Answer 35

high

Question 36

do arteries have muscle?

Answer 36

yes - they have a thick layer of muscle

Question 37

do arteries have valves?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

what is the space inside an artery like?

Answer 38

narrow

Question 39

what is the function of capillaries?

Answer 39

connect arteries and veins

Question 40

name some characteristics of white blood cells

Answer 40

- made in bone marrow and lymph nodes - have a nucleus - don't contain haemoglobin - two types : PHAGOCYTES which engulf and destroy microbes and LYMPHOCYTES which make antibodies

Question 41

name some characteristics of platelets

Answer 41

- no nucleus - small fragments of cells - made in bone marrow - involved in blood clotting

Question 42

name some characteristics of red blood cells

Answer 42

- biconcave disc - red cell - no nucleus - large surface area - made in bone marrow - contain haemoglobin

Question 43

what is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 43

they fight disease

Question 44

what is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 44

they carry oxygen

Question 45

what are the substances dissolved in plasma?

Answer 45

``` glucose amino acids salt hormones urea carbon dioxide ```

Question 46

what is plasma?

Answer 46

water and dissolved substances

Question 47

what is blood made of?

Answer 47

50% blood cells | 50% plasma

Question 48

list some lifestyle factors that increase the risk of CHD

Answer 48

- genetics - high cholesterol - high fat diet - lack of exercise - smoking - stress

Question 49

how can lipids damage arteries?

Answer 49

they lay down in the artery wall. This causes the arteries to become stiff - this is called hardening of the arteries

Question 50

what is CHD?

Answer 50

coronary heart disease

Question 51

why do multi cellular organisms such as large fungi, animals and plants have circulatory systems?

Answer 51

to transport oxygen and glucose for respiration

Question 52

what is a double circulation system?

Answer 52

when blood is pumped from the heart to the body and back.

Question 53

do unicellular organisms need circulation systems?

Answer 53

no - they use diffusion because the diffusion distance us so short.

Question 54

what is adrenaline?

Answer 54

a hormone what affects the heart and blood vessels

Question 55

when is adrenaline produced?

Answer 55

to prepare the body for action

Question 56

what does adrenaline do?

Answer 56

- increases heart rate - widens blood vessels going to the brain and muscles - narrows blood vessels to the digestive system organs