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Biology > Crops > Flashcards

Crops Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a crop?

A

a plant grown for food

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2
Q

what is a yield?

A

how much can be harvested for food from a plant.

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3
Q

why do crops grown in greenhouses grow faster than crops in fields?

A

they are exposed to conditions which means that they can grow earlier in the year and grow in places they wouldn’t norma.y grow

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4
Q

what are the conditions provided for crops in greenhouses?

A
  • Temperature
  • Light
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Water
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5
Q

why do crops grown in glasshouses produce higher yields?

A

They are warmer as the glass traps thereat energy.

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6
Q

What do higher temperatures in greenhouses/glasshouses cause?

A

Increase. the rate of photosynthesis by increasing enzyme activity.

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7
Q

how is CO2 concentration increased in glasshouses?

A

by using paraffin heaters

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8
Q

why is a high CO2 concentration beneficial?

A

More CO2 = more photosynthesis which means more glucose which results in more starch, more glucose and higher yields.

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9
Q

what are polytunnels?

A

These structures made from polythene warm up the soil and protect the crops from frosts, therefore planners can be grown earlier in the year.

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10
Q

what are fertilisers?

A

chemicals that are used by farmers to increase the yield of crops.

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11
Q

what do fertilisers contain?

A

nitrogen - growth of leaves and stems
phosphorus - healthy roots
potassium - healthy leaves and stems
magnesium - make chlorophyll

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12
Q

what are pests?

A

living organisms that decrease the yield of crops

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13
Q

what do insects do to crops?

A

eat the crops or spread disease

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14
Q

what do weeds do to crops?

A

compete with the crops for light, nutrients and water in the soil.

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15
Q

what do fungi do to crops?

A

moulds that grow on pollen causing disease

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16
Q

what are pesticides?

A

chemicals that kill pests

17
Q

what is the pesticide that kills insects called?

A

insecticide

18
Q

what is the pesticide that kills fungi called?

A

fungicide

19
Q

what is the pesticide that kills weeds called?

A

herbicide

20
Q

what are the problems with pesticides?

A

they can kill all organisms, not just pests.
they can contaminate food chains.
they can contaminate food products with chemicals that can be harmful to humans.

21
Q

name a fish that is commonly eaten and where it is farmed

A

salmon, Scotland.

22
Q

why are the fish kept in cages in the sea?

A

to stop them using too much energy

23
Q

why is there a net over the top of the fish cage?

A

to stop predators like birds being able to get to the fish

24
Q

what is the fish’s diet like in fish farming?

A

They are fed on a carefully controlled diet of pellets to maximise the amount of energy they get. The better the quality of food is the quicker and bigger the fish will grow.

25
Q

name a pest that can affect the fish in fish farming

A

sea lice

26
Q

name a method of biological pest control that is used in fish farming

A

wrasse - eat the sea lice

27
Q

what is biological pest control?

A

Uses natural predators, parasites of pathogens to control pests

28
Q

advantages of biological pest control

A
  • only targets pest species

- reduces use of pesticides

29
Q

name some advantages of fish farming

A
  • selective breeding is used to improve quality of the fish

- kept in large tanks where water quality is carefully managed

30
Q

Disadvantages of fish farming

A
  • fish are at greater risk of infection

- wild fish have to be killed to make food for farmed fish

31
Q

what is interspecific competition?

A

competition for food between members of different species

32
Q

what is intraspecific competition?

A

competition for food between members of the same species

33
Q

how is yeast beneficial in breadmaking?

A

When yeast respires it releases carbon dioxide which makes the bread rise

34
Q

how is yeast beneficial in producing alcohol?

A

It respires anaerobically to make ethanol

35
Q

what is the bacteria that is added to milk to make yoghurt?

A

lactobacillus bulgaricus

36
Q

how does lactobacillus bulgaricus turn milk into yoghurt?

A

It respires anaerobically

lactose —–> lactic acid.

The lactic acid lowers the pH which dentures the proteins in the milk. The protein becomes unsoluble which thickens the milk.

37
Q

what are industrial fermenters used for?

A

to grow microorganisms on a large scale.

38
Q

what are the conditions required to grow microorganisms in an industrial fermenter?

A
  • aseptic precations
  • nutrients
  • optimum pH and temp
  • agitation (stirring)

Biology (20 decks)

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