Biological Molecules Flashcards
what are carbohydrates made from?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
what are simple carbohydrates?
sugars
what are the different types of sugars?
glucose, sucrose and maltose
what is the ratio of glycerol to fatty acids in a fat molecule?
1:3 (glycerol : fatty acid)
when are lipids called fats?
if they are solid at room temperature
when are lipids called oils?
if they are liquid at room temperature
what are lipids made from?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
what are proteins made up of?
amino acids
how many types of amino acids are there?
about 20
what elements make up proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
what is protein used for?
growth and repair
what are carbohydrates used for?
for energy
what are lipids used for?
insulation
name some insoluble proteins and where they’re found.
keratin - hair and nails
haemoglobin - red pigment in blood
where are carbohydrates found?
bread
rice
pasta
where is protein found?
meat
chickpeas
eggs
where are lipids found?
butter
peanuts
oil
where is vitamin A found?
butter
carrots
cod liver oil
why do we need vitamin A?
keeps the cells lining the respiratory system healthy.
where is vitamin B found?
liver
wholemeal bread
brown rice
why do we need vitamin B?
involved in many chemical reactions around the body
where is vitamin C found?
oranges
lemons
raw vegetables
why do we need Vitamin C?
keeps tissue in good repair and prevents scurvy.
where is vitamin D found?
butter
egg yolk
milk
cheese
why do we need vitamin D?
helps calcium and phosphate to be used for making bones.
where is calcium found?
milk
cheese
bread
why do we need calcium?
for making bones and teeth
where is iron found?
liver
egg yolk
why do we need iron?
makes haemoglobin
where is water found?
cucumber
iceberg lettuce
what do we need water?
dissolves substances in cells
where is dietary fibre found?
beans
wholegrain bread
root vegetables
why do we need dietary fibre?
prevents constipation.
what is a balanced diet?
A balanced diet is a healthy diet that provides you with the right amount of energy that contains a variety of food.
