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Biology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How is an insect pollinated plant adapted to attract insects?

A

colourful petals
nectar
sticky pollen

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2
Q

what is pollination?

A

the transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to a stigma of another flower.

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3
Q

what is reproduction?

A

the process that increases the number of individuals of a species.

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4
Q

asexual reproduction?

A
  • only one parent involved
  • offspring genetically identical to parent
  • no fertilisation involved
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5
Q

sexual reproduction?

A
  • two parents
  • offspring are genetically varied
  • involves sex cells called gametes
  • fertilisation is needed
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6
Q

what is fertilisation?

A

the joining together of the nuclei of the gametes.

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7
Q

what are gametes in animals called?

A

eggs and sperm

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8
Q

what is a zygote?

A

a fertilised egg

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9
Q

what is an embryo?

A

the zygote divides many timed to produce a ball of cells, an embryo.

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10
Q

what us the male part of a flower?

A

stamen

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11
Q

what is the female part of a flower?

A

carpel

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12
Q

where is pollen made?

A

anther

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13
Q

what are some wind pollinated plants characteristics?

A 
no petals 
filaments on the stamens are very long 
anthers hang outside flower 
stigma long and feathery - hangs outside flower 
do not make nectar.
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14
Q

what does the ovule become in a plant?

A

seed

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15
Q

what does the ovary become in a plant?

A

fruit

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16
Q

how does the ovule become the seed?

A

hardens and dries out

17
Q

how does the ovary become the fruit?

A

ovary wall swells up

18
Q

what conditions are needed for germination?

A

warmth - so enzymes can work
oxygen - respiration
water - for all living processes

19
Q

what is the function of ovaries?

A

make eggs

20
Q

what is the function of the testes?

A

make sperm cells and hormone testosterone.

21
Q

what does fertilisation involve in animals?

A

the fusion of the nucleus of a sperm call with an egg cell nucleus.

22
Q

how often do ovaries release an egg?

A

every month

23
Q

what is the uterus characteristics?

A
  • thick muscular walls, which contract to push baby out during birth.
24
Q

what are oviducts?

A

Tubes that transport the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.
site of fertilisation

25
Q

what is the vagina?

A

The baby is pushed down through the vagina during birth

26
Q

what is the cervix?

A
  • The neck of the womb.
  • narrow part at the base of the uterus
  • holds developing foetus in place.
27
Q

what is the function of the sperm ducts?

A

transport sperm cells from the testes to the urethra

28
Q

what is the function of the scrotum?

A

Bag of skin that holds the testes and holds them outside of the body. Healthy sperm need cooler conditions to develop.

29
Q

what is the function of prostate glands?

A

produce liquid containing glucose that is added to sperm cells to make semen.

30
Q

what is the function of the penis?

A
  • contains the urethra, through which semen is transported during intercourse.
31
Q

what is puberty triggered by?

A

Hormones released by the brain

32
Q

what are the sexual characteristics caused by hormones in males?

A
  • voices deepen
  • shoulders get broader
  • facial hair grows
  • pubic hair
33
Q

what are the sexual characteristics caused by hormones in females?

A
  • breasts develop
  • hips widen
  • periods start
  • pubic hair
34
Q

what does the hormone FSH do?

A

tells the ovary to make an egg

35
Q

what does oestrogen do?

A

causes the lining of the uterus to thicken and prevents more eggs developing.

36
Q

what does the hormone LH do?

A

makes the ovary release an egg

37
Q

what does progesterone do?

A

thickens the uterus lining eve more

38
Q

how long is the menstrual cycle?

A

around 28 days

39
Q

where is FSH and LH made?

A

pituitary gland in the brain

Biology (20 decks)

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