The circulatory system Flashcards
give functions of plasma
- helps prevent blood clots
- helps maintain healthy blood pressure
- maintains ph balance
- transports nutrients
- carries o2 and hormones to organs and co2 to lungs
give facts and function of red blood cells
carries oxygen from lungs to body
co2 to lungs
develops in bone marrow
what is the official term for red blood cells
erthrocytes
give facts and function of white blood cells
- fights infection
- attack unknown organisms that enter the body
- produce antibodies to destroy pathogens
- have a nucleus
- ## flexible membrane, can form extensions to engulf pathogens
what is the scientific term for wbc’s
leukocytes
give 5 different types of wbc
neutrophills - kill bacteria and fungi
lymphocytes - protect against viruses, makes antibodies
eosinophils - identify and destroy parasites, cancer cells and help
with allergic responses
monocytes - “cleans” damaged cells
basophills - coughing / sneezing
give facts and function of platelets
helps blood clot
changes form when it is active vs inactive
give facts about arteries
blood away from heart
elastic muscle to maintain blood pressure
small lumen
give facts about veins
blood into heart
thinner walls, larger lumen
have valves
carry oxygenated blood to heart
give facts about capillaries
walls 1 cell thick to allow for diffusion
what are the 2 circuits of the heart and where do they go
systematic circulation - heart to body to lungs
pulmonary circulation - heart to lungs to heart
structure and function of right atrium
cuboid shape, vena cava connects here
receives deoxygenated blood from everywhere exept lungs, blood then pumped to right ventricle
give the structure and function of the right ventricle
triangular shaped, 2 layers of muscular fibres
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary vein for oxygen to be added
structure and function of left atrium
contains a pouch
receives oxygenated blood from lungs then emptys into left ventricle
structure and function of the left ventricle
conical shape, thicker walls than right ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to body
function of vena cava
vein bringing deoxygenated blood from body to heart
function of pulmonary vein
oxygenated blood from lungs to L.A
function of pulmonary artery
deoxygenated blood from r.v to lungs
function of aorta
oxygenated blood from heart to body
delivers nutrients and hormones
structure of aorta
cane shaped, from head to pelvis
3 layers:
1. inner layer (tunica intima) - tube that carries blood
2. middle layer (tunica media) - smooth muscle elastic and collagen. widens or narrows to control amount of blood flow
3. outer layer (tunica adventitia) - anchors aorta in place, connects to nerves amd tissues
structure of vena cava
right side of the heart
2 parts
1. superior (cranial) vena cava - blood from head, neck, chest and front limbs - second largest vein
2. inferior (caudal) vena cava - hindlimbs and organs in abdomen and pelvis - largest vein
structure or pulmonary artery
3 layers
1. tunica intima - smooth inner layer
2. tunica media - middle, pushes blood through
3. tunica adventitia - protective outer layer
structure of pulmonary vein
3 layers
1. tunica adventitia (outer) - gives shape to vein
2. tunica media (middle) - muscle, allows vein to widen or narrow
3. tunica intima (inner) smooth cells, allows blood to flow through
bicuspid valve
left side
2 leaflets
allows blood to flow from left atrium to left ventricle
