respiratory system Flashcards
what happens when you inhale
- diaphragm contracts ans moves down to increace space in chest cavity
- lungs expand
- intercostal muscles contract to pull ribcage upwards and outwards
what happens when you exhale
- intercostal muscles relax, this pushes air out of the lungs
what happens in the first inhale in aves
air passes throgh the trachea and bronchi
what happens in the first exhale in aves
air leaves air sacs and enters the lungs where gas exchange happens
what happens in the second inhale in aves
air movs from lungs to thoracic, cervical and other anterior air sacs
what happens in the second exhale in aves
air moves from anterior air sacs through the trachea and from the body
what is the advantages of the ave respiratory system
- no “dead air”
- all the air will go through gas exchange
- ensures bird can fly at high altitudes withoght going into a coma or overheating
what is the pneumatic skeletal system
the skeletal system in aves where they have hollow bones that are connected to the respiratory system. this helps reduct weight for flight
what is the respiratory system in fish
- they breath through gills by pulling water through the gill covers. this is fast and efficient, they absorb 75% of the oxygen they intake.
- the blood flows opposite to water, this optimises gas exchange
- rbc’s pull dissolved oxygen form water into the blood stram to releace co2
what is the reptile respiratory system
some acquire oxygen through skin but most rely on lungs for gas exchange
what is the name for gas exchange through skin
cutaneous respiration
what is the inveterate respiratory system
they breath through openings called spiracles in the thorax and abdomen . non mobile insects have a lower metabolic rate and take in less oxygen and co2
what is respiration
the chemical process that happens in all living cells of exchanging oxygen from the air for co2 in the body. this includes the process of breathing ans gas exchange and can either be aerobic or anerobic
what are bronchi
the 2 branches spreading air to the lungs. they have cartilage rings.
what are bronchiols
branches within the lungs made of smooth muscle. they spread air throughout the lungs.
what are aveoli
air sacs within the lungs, they have a large surface area, are 1 cell thick, surrounded by capillaries and are moist to allow for optimal gas exchange. oxygen moves into rbc’s and co2 moves into aveoli to be exhaled
what part of the brain is breathing controlled by
medulla oblongata
s and f of the diaphram
muscle at bottom of lungs. creates a vacum in the chest cavity. it contracts downward to make space when inhaling and relaxed when exhaling to push air out
what do intercostal muscles do
join ribs together, aids in breathing
what is the importance of respiration
it produces energy by oxygen breaking own glucose, this energy is essential for the body functioning and all cells need for muscle contraction. it provides oxygen to cells and expels co2
what is aerobic respiration
chemical process where oxygen is used to make energy from the glucose in carbs. oxygen needed.
what is the formula for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen —> co2 + water + energy
what is anerobic respiration
cellular respiration in the absense of oxygen. it converts glucose to lactic acid and is less efficient as not all the glucose is broken down
what is the formula for anerobic respiration
glucose + enzymes —> co2 + ethanol / lactic acid
