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Anatomy and physiology > the brain > Flashcards

the brain Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the brain

A

frontal lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe

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2
Q

what is the role of the frontal lobe

A

planning and engaging in goal oriented behaviours, future consequences of behaviours and choosing between “good” and “bad “ decisions

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3
Q

what is the role of the temporal lobe

A

processing of sensory input including auditory information, language and naming

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4
Q

what is the role of the occipitial lobe

A

visual processing centre

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5
Q

what is the role of the parietal lobe

A

sensory skills, sensory processing and navigation

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6
Q

what are the 4 parts of the brain

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum

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7
Q

what is the role of the cerebrum

A

indicates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature

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8
Q

what is the role of the diencephalon

A

coordinates with the endocrine system to release hormones and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and regulates sleep rythems

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9
Q

what is the role of the brainstem

A

connects brain to spinal cord, near the bottom of the brain. regulates unconcious vital body functions and helps with balance, coordination and movement

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10
Q

what is the role of the hypothalamus

A

controls homeostasis

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11
Q

what is the role of the cerebellum

A

muscle control, balance and movement

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12
Q

what is the role of the thalamus

A
  • information from senses relayed and processed here, then sent to the cerebral cortex for interpretation
  • controls regulation of consciousnes, alertness and sleep cycles
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13
Q

what is the role of the pineal gland

A

secretes ✨melatonin✨, helps the control sleep cycle

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14
Q

what is the role of the limbic system

A

responsible for emotion, behaviour, motivation long term memory and olfaction

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15
Q

what is the role of the amygdyla

A

to identify threats, processes emotion

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16
Q

what is the role of the hippocampus

A

formation of memories

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17
Q

what is the role of neuron receptors

A

targets of transmitters and drugs including for dopamine and serotonin receptors

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18
Q

what is the structure of the cerebellum

A
  • hindbrain
  • globula (covered in deep fissures)
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19
Q

what is the structure of the pons

A

form a bridge of nerve fibres between the midbrain and medulla oblongatta, also controls breating and heart rate

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20
Q

what is the role of the cingulate gurus

A

reaction to pain, regulation of aggressive behaviour

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21
Q

what is the role of the basal gangila

A

rule bases, leaarning, choosing, memory and attention

22
Q

what is the midbrain motorway

A

between the forebrain and hindbrain
pathway for nerve fibres carrying infomation from senses

23
Q

where is the medulla oblongata

A

extends from hindbrain and merges into the spinal cord

24
Q

what is the medulla oblongata responsible for

A

breathing
blood pressure
heart rate
swallowing
coughing reflexes

25
structure of the cerebrum (neurons)
contains 90% of neurons in the nervous system, responsible for concious thought and action
26
structure of the ventricular system
interconnecting canals and cavities inside the brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid. protects the brain
27
structure of the meninges
protective layers around the brain made of connective tissue and collagen fibres, protects the brain
28
structure of the blood brain barrier
membrane which controls movement of substances
29
structure of the spinal cord
spinal cord protected by the spinal column made of vertabrae
30
what does the spinal cord do
relays infomation about whats happening inside and outside the body to and from your brain
31
what are the 3 main section of the nervous system
- central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) - peripheral nervous system (most communication nerves that carry signals to the cns) - cranial and spinal nerves - autonomic nervous system - involuntary physiological processes
32
function of the peripheral nervous system
sensory neurons take information from sense organs to the brain, motor neurons take infomation from brain to muscles
33
what do afferent (sensory) neurons do
recieve infomation from the external situation through receptors and sends signal to other neurons
34
what do efferent (motor) neurons do
receive infomation and send it to muscles / glands
35
what are dendrites
treelike extensions that increase surface area of the cell body, they receive stimuli and carry information to the cell body
36
what are axon
the string like part between both ends of the nerve cell. transmits signals away from the cell body via impulses being transmitted over long distances.
37
what are axon terminals
the tree like extensions at the end of the nerve cell (smaller end)
38
what are schwann cells
the cells wrapped around axon. they contain myelin which insulates the axon
39
what are nodes of renvier
gaps between the shwann cells on the axon. they allow oxygen and nutrients to enter the cell
40
how do synapses work
impulses move down the axon to the axon terminals into the presynaptic neuron neurotransmitters (chemicals) are released from vescles and move across the synaptic cleft (the gap) neurotransmitters are recieved by receptors in the post synaptic neuron electrical impulse moves down the neuron
41
what are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic sympathetic
42
what are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system
cranial nerves spinal nerves
43
what are the 2 parts of the central nervous system
spinal cord brain
44
what is the function of the autonomic nervous system
- governs fight / flight - controls internal organs - involuntary control
45
what is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system
- in control when animal is at rest - prepares body for activities that gain and conserve energy by: * stimulating salivary glands and digestive juices * decreasing the heart and respiratory rate - conserves energy - digestion and salivation increase - heart rate decrease
46
what is the function of the sympathetic nervous system
- prepares the body for energy consuming activities like flight / fight by: * inhibiting digestive system and salivation * increasing heart and respiratory rates * encouraging liver to release glucose into blood * stimulating adrenal glands to release hormones - increase energy - heart rate, sweat gland activity and blood pressure increase
47
what is the reflex arc
stimulus receptor sensory neuron relay neuron relay neuron motor neuron effectors response
48
what do sensory neurons do
carry impulses from receptors to the CNS
49
what do relay neurons do
found in the CNS, electrical impulses passed to relay neurons in the spinal cord to then be moved to motor neurons
50
what do motor neurons do
carry impulses to muscles / glands

Anatomy and physiology (12 decks)

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