The Chemical Nature of the Cell Flashcards
T-A pairs have ___ hydrogen bonds
two
G-C pairs have ____ hydrogen bonds
three
DNA has ______ sugar
deoxyribose (no oxygen)
The strands in DNA run _____
antiparallel (opposite direction)
in RNA, _____ replaces thymine
uracil
RNA has _____ sugar
ribose (with an OH)
a _______ linkage connects the 5’ phosphate group and the 3’ OH group of adjoining nucleotides
phosphodiester
what is the DNA backbone made up of
deoxyribose sugars, linked by phosphate
what is the DNA backbone linked with
phosphate
what are the bases in DNA
A,T,G,C
what type of end does DNA have
5’
How many strands does DNA have
2
What are the bases in RNA
A<u></u>
What type of end does RNA have
triphosphate
how many strands does RNA have
one
what is eukaryotic genome organization
how we go from double stranded DNA to a metaphase chromosome
what are the steps in eukaryotic genome organization
DNA duplex - Nucleosome- chromatin- coil- condensed chromatid
greater than 80% of all colon cancers are caused by mutations in which gene
APC
RNA is ____ to the non-template strand, and ____ to the template strand
similar (with U instead of T)
complimentary
(expressed/not expressed)
Introns
not expressed
(expressed/not expressed)
exons
expressed
which way does the template strand run
3’-5’
how many different amino acids are there
20
how many codon are there for the 20 amino acids
64
what percentage of DNA actually codes for protein
3-5%
RNA has a _____ group on the 2’-carbon atom of its sugar component
hydroxyl
DNA has a _____ on its sugar component
hydrogen
(more/less)
RNA is ____ reactive than DNA
more
How does RNA form secondary structures
RNA fods to form secondary structures because of the hydrogen bonding between complementary bases on the same strand
What is ribosomal RNA
structural and functional component of the ribosome
what is messenger RNA
carried genetic code for proteins
what is transfer RNA
helps incorporate amino acids into polypeptide chain
describe the synthesis of an RNA molecule
- from a DNA template (3’-5’)
- the transcribed strand is the template strand
describe the transcription unit of RNa
includes a promoter RNA coding sequence, and a terminator
RNA synthesis is ____ and _____ to the template strand
complimentary, antiparallel
where are new nucleotides added during RNA synthesis
they are added to the 3’-OH group of the growing RNA
which way does transcription proceed
5’-3’ (left to right)