Lecture 1,2 Flashcards
Mitosis, meiosis, cell cancer
Define cell division
the process by which cells make more cells
Why do we need cell division (4)
growth
cell replacement
healing
reproduction
What is the name of the two types of cell division
meiosis
mitosis
describe mitotic cell division in eukaryotes
genome large and linear
dna in nucleus
describe mitotic cell division in prokaryotes
genome small and circular
dna in cytoplasm
What are the mane staged of the cell cycle
g1, s, g2, m,
What happens in phase g1
growth, cellular metabolism
what does g1 stand for
gap 1
what happens in phase s
dna replication (chromosome duplication)
what does phase s stand for
synthesis
what happens in phase g2
preparation for mitosis
what does g2 stand for
gap 2
what happens in m phase
chromosomal operation and cytokinesis
what does m phase stand for
mitosis
what is interphase
g1, s, g2
the time between successive mitosis
what is quiescent
cells that are not actively cycling, they enter the g0 phase (leave the cell and die)
what happens in mitotic cell division
a single parent cell divides into two daughter cells
what are the steps involved in mitotic cell division
1) prophase
2) prometaphase
3) metaphase
4) anaphase
5) telophase
describe prophase
chromosomes condense, centrosomes radiate microtubules and migrate to opposite poles
describe prometaphase
microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes
describe metaphase
chromosomes along in the centre of the cell
describe anaphase
sister chromatids separate and travel to opposite poles
describe telophase
nuclear envelope reforms and chromosomes decondense
what is ploidy levels
the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell
what is haploid
a cell with one complete set of chromosomes
what is diploid
two complete sets of chromosomes
does ploidy change in mitosis
amount of dna changes but not ploidy levels.
what are five important things to remember about meiosis
1) there is only 1 interphase
2) first division randomly separates homologues chromosomes
3) second division results in the splitting of sister chromatids
4) end result is four genetically unique daughter cells
5) each daughter cell is haploid
where does mitosis occur
in the bodies stem cells (ie. colon)
what does mitosis result in
two identical, diploid daughter cells
how many times can mitosis occur
indefinitely, perpetuity
where does meiosis occur
in the germ (sex) cells
what does meiosis result in
four haploid daughter cells
compared to the parent cell, how many chromosomes do the daughter cells of meiosis contain
hals as many as the parent
describe the daughter cells in meiosis
half the number of chromosomes, all genetically unique, haploid
