chloroplasts, apoptosis, endomembranes Flashcards
-chloroplasts and photophosphorylation -mitochondria and programmed cell death -the endomembrane system and trafficking
what is oxidative phosphorylation
app synthesis in the mitochondria
describe light dependent reactions
- occur in thylakoid membrane
- chlorophyll in light harvesting complex
- electrons enter ETC
- H+ pumped into thylakoid lumen
where do light dependent reaction occur
light dependent reactions occur in thylakoid membranes
chloroplasts have how many membranes
chloroplasts have 3 membranes
what are the three membranes of chloroplasts
inner, thylakoid, outer
where is the lumen
in the thylakoid membrane
where is chlorophyll found
light harvesting complexes
describe light-independent reactions
(dark reactions, Calvin cycle)
- occur in stroma
- ATP (and NADPH) made in light reaction used to make CH2O
what is another term for light-independent reactions
dark reactions or Calvin reactions
what is used to make CH2O
in independent-light reactions, ATP or NADPH is used
what is apoptosis
programmed cell death
how is apoptosis characterized
- shrinkage of cells
- blebbing of plasma membrane
- fragmentation of DNA and nucleus
- loss of attachment to other cells
- engulfment by phagocytosis
describe the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis
- initiated by intracellular stimuli (such as genetic damage, hypoxia, or a virus)
- “killer” proteins stimulate mitochondrial to leak protein (cytochrome c)
- release of apoptotic mitochondrial proteins commits the cell to apoptosis
how is apoptosis initiated
apoptosis is initiated by internal stimuli
like things such as genetic damage, hypoxia, or a virus
“killer” _____ stimulate mitochondria to leak proteins
killer proteins stimulate mitochondria to leak proteins