Extracellular matrix and cell walls

Question 1

how do signals from outside the cell get into the cell

Answer 1

-ligand binding changes the confirmation of the receptor protein

Question 2

what is affected by the conformation change caused by the ligand

Answer 2

the cytosolic side of the receptor protein is affected by the conformation change

Question 3

how does the ligand conformational change work

Answer 3

the changes cause the other proteins in the cytosol or membrane to become activated

Question 4

where is epinephrine made

Answer 4

adrenal gland

Question 5

pathway of epinephrine

Answer 5

epinephrine (ligand) adrenalin
binds to receptor of liver cell
conformation on cytosolic side

Question 6

GTP-> ?

Answer 6

GDP

Question 7

pathway of a ligand

Answer 7

GProtein (off)
interacts with receptor 
GTP changes to GDP
GProtein is on 
glycogen is greater into glucose

Question 8

define ecm

Answer 8

extracellular matrix: organized network of material produced and secreted by cells

Question 9

1ATP=?

Answer 9

3NA out of cell, 2K in

Question 10

four functions of the ecm

Answer 10

• cell adherence
• communication between cells
• cell shape, technical support to cell an to whole organism
• serves as barrier, filters out some particles

Question 11

components of the ecm are produces by _____ and assembles into a network

Answer 11

components of the etc are produced by cells and are assembled into a network

Question 12

what are the two/three main components found in the ecm

Answer 12

• proteins (and glycoproteins) such as collagen, fibrinogen laminin
• proteoglycans (proteins with chains of polysaccharides

Question 13

what are proteins with chains of polysaccharides called

Answer 13

proteoglycans

Question 14

describe the cell wall of plants

Answer 14

• ecm
• composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, proteins
• provide support to cell and to whole organism
• protect cell from mechanical damage and pathogen attack

Question 15

where does protein synthesis take place

Answer 15

in the cytosol

Question 16

function of the nucleus

Answer 16

contains gnome, dna,

Question 17

where does RNA synthesis happen

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

where does ribosome assembly take place

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

were does the synthesis of lipids and proteins occur

Answer 19

enoprasmic reticulum

Question 20

where does protein modification happen

Answer 20

Golgi apparatus

Question 21

where does packaging of proteins and lipids happen

Answer 21

Golgi apparatus

Question 22

function of endoscopes

Answer 22

sorting, recycling

Question 23

function of mitochondria

Answer 23

ATP synthesis, apoptosis

Question 24

function of chloroplasts

Answer 24

photo synthesis, atp synthesis

Question 25

function of peroxisomes

Answer 25

oxidation of toxic molecules

Question 26

what is the endosymbiont theory

Answer 26

(origin of eukaryotic cells)
ancestral prokaryote (anaerobic)->
infolding of plasma membrane ->
endosymbiosis (cyanobacteria enters cell) ->
ancestral eukaryote