Synthesis of trabsmembrane proteins, Golgi complex and vesicular transport, endocytosis, exocytosis

Question 1

what is a SRP composed of

Answer 1

protein and rna

Question 2

what is SEC 61

Answer 2

secretory pathway

Question 3

basic definition of cotranslational transport

Answer 3

how soluble proteins get into the endomembrane system

Question 4

basic definition of synthesis of integral membrane proteins

Answer 4

how transmembrane proteins are integrated into a membrane (except for those in mitochondria and chloroplasts)

Question 5

describe the three steps of synthesis of integral membrane proteins

Answer 5

1) proteins with signal-anchor sequences are threaded through a channel in the ER membrane until signal-anchor sequence is encountered
2) the ER channel releases the protein into the membrane
3) when translation is complete, the protein remains in the membrane

Question 6

how do proteins get targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 6

-N-terminus sequences direct proteins to their respective organelles

Question 7

when proteins get to their directed organelle, what happens next

Answer 7

when the proteins arrive at the organelle, other intrinsic sequences within the protein directs it to the correct compartment or membrane

Question 8

where are proteins synthesized completely

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

describe transport from the er to the Golgi complex

Answer 9

-golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids from the er and sorts them to other organelle, the plasma membrane, or the cell exterior

Question 10

which direction does material move between Golgi and er

Answer 10

material moves from the ER to Golgi and then to other compartments and the plasma membrane in proximal to distal direction

Question 11

describe the structure of the Golgi

Answer 11

-8 or more cisternae stacks
-curved like a shallow bowl
-

Question 12

describe the polarity of the Golgi complex

Answer 12

cis-medial-trans cisternae

Question 13

what is the Golgi membrane supported by

Answer 13

actin and spectin

Question 14

what is the Golgi scaffold linked to

Answer 14

the Golgi scaffold is linked to motor proteins that direct movement of vesicles into and out of the golgi

Question 15

Cis Golgi network acts as a ______

Answer 15

cis Golgi network acts as a sorting station

Question 16

what does the cis Golgi network do

Answer 16

the cis Golgi networks sorts whether proteins should continue on to the next Golgi strayer or be shipped back to the er

Question 17

tras Golgi network ____ proteins into different types of _____

Answer 17

trans Golgi network sorts proteins into different types od vesicles,

Question 18

what happens to proteins as they’re in the Golgi

Answer 18

proteins are modified “step wise” as they traverse the Golgi

Question 19

different cisternae of the the Golgi contain different ____ that modify ______

Answer 19

different cisternae of the Golgi contain different enzymes that modify proteins

Question 20

list the different functions of the Golgi complex

Answer 20

• synthesis of complex polysaccharides

- transport and sorting of proteins

Question 21

fully processed proteins are ____ to the trans-golgi network and then ___ and ______ to their final destinations

Answer 21

fully processed proteins are exported to the trans Golgi network and then sorted and delivered to their final destination

Question 22

what is the function of the protein coat on the transport vesicles

Answer 22

1) helps form vesicle structure

2) helps select material on the inside

Question 23

how do COP1 and Cop2 proteins carry out functions

Answer 23

-they assemble on the cyclic surface of donor compartment membranes at sites where budding takes place

Question 24

which direction do COP1-coated vesicles travel

Answer 24

they move in retrograde direction (Golgi->er)

Question 25

which direction do COP2-coated vesicles travel

Answer 25

they move in anterograde direction (er->golgi)

Question 26

describe vesicular transport

Answer 26

• trafficking vesicles to a compartment

- COP1 proteins help form the transport vesicle

Question 27

four steps of vesicular transport

Answer 27

1) movement of vesicle
2) tethering vesicle
3) docking vesicle
4) fusion

Question 28

describe movement of vesicle

Answer 28

• uses cytoskeleton and motor proteins

- COP proteins specify direction of vesicle movement

Question 29

describe the tethering of a vesicle

Answer 29

tethering vesicle to compartment VIA RABs proteins

Question 30

describe docking of the vesicle

Answer 30

docking of vesicle to compartment uses SNARE proteins