Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
Unit 2
what is a gene
an inherited factor (encoded in DNA) that helps determine a characteristic
What is an allele
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene
what is a locus
a specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele
what is a genotype
the set of alleles possessed by an individual organism
what is a heterozygote
an individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus
what is a homozygote
an individual organism possessing two of the same alleles at a locus
what is a phenotype
appearance or manifestation of a characteristic
uppercase letter refers to the ______ allele
dominant
lowercase letter refers to the _______ allele
recessive
an allelic combination=
genotype
physical appearance=
phenotype
what is the principle of segregation
- each individual organism possess two alleles encoding a trait (before meiosis)
- alleles separate when gametes are formed (anaphase 1)
- alleles separate in equal proportions (anaphase 1)
what is the principle of independent assortment
alleles at different loci separate independently (anaphase 1)
what is mendels first law
principle of segregation
alleles separate in equal proportions
what is menders second law
independent assortment
alleles at different loci separate independently
