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BIO > The Cell Lecture 3 > Flashcards

The Cell Lecture 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is plasma membrane made of?

A

A bilayer of phospholipids

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2
Q

What does a plasma membrane do?

A

Separate inside environment from the outside environment

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains chromosomes (DNA)
Largest structure, visible

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Everything except nucleus and membrane Including cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

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5
Q

Another name for Cytosol

A

Intercellular fluid

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6
Q

Cytosol

A

Mostly water, provides nutrition to cell

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7
Q

Inclusion

A

Temporarily stored chemicals or other structures not bound by membrane

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8
Q

Organelles

A

Structures bound by membrane

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9
Q

Phospholipids

A

Phosphate with 2 fatty acid chains

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10
Q

What 2 things are embedded in membrane?

A

Cholesterol molecules and proteins

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11
Q

Each phospholipid has …?

A

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

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12
Q

The plasma membrane is semi permeable meaning?

A

Some things can cross freely, other things can’t.

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13
Q

Semi permeable

A

Some things can cross freely, other things can’t.

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14
Q

Extracelluar fluid

A

Fluid outside the cell

Protects cell, recognizes intruders

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15
Q

Can water move easily through the membrane?

A

Water can’t move easily across hydrophobic part of membrane

It moves through channels (aquaporins)

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16
Q

Channels are made from?

A

Proteins

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17
Q

What requires a channel or transporter to move?

A

Water, ions, large molecules like proteins and glucose

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18
Q

Can move through the membrane easily?

A

Fats

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19
Q

Transport proteins

A

Carry large molecules (such as proteins and glucose) across the membrane

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20
Q

Extracelluar matrix

A

Material outside the cell secreted by cell

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21
Q

Passive transport

A

Molecules moving without using energy

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22
Q

Active transport

A

Molecules moving using energy

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23
Q

Diffusion

A

Particles moving down a concentration gradient

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24
Q

Chemical driving force

A

The natural tendency particles want to move

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25
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water

Water moving from high concentration to low concentration

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26
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Movement of large molecules going down a concentration gradient

Requires transport proteins, no energy

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27
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of a substance against a concentration gradient

Low to high

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28
Q

What does active transport use and why?

A

Use proteins called pumps to move particles up and down their gradient.

Uses energy

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29
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of things in motion

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30
Q

Stored/potential energy

A

Energy of things due to their shape or position

Like a spring

31
Q

Chemical energy

A

Energy stored inc chemical bonds

32
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

33
Q

ADP

A

adenosine Diphosphate

34
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump does what?

A

3 Na - Sodium out (Na Na Na)
2 K - Potassium in (KK come in)

35
Q

How does APT turn into ADP?

A

ATP binds to transport protein (pumps)

ATP separates into ADP releasing energy

36
Q

Process of Exocytosis

A

Vesicle goes near membrane

Vesicles membrane fuses with cells membrane

Membrane opens and contains of vesicle releases components into Extracelluar fluid

37
Q

Vesicles

A

Small, membrane bound container inside a cell

38
Q

Exocytosis

A

Enables cells to release large volumes

39
Q

Vacuole

A

Large vesicle

40
Q

Endocytosis

A

Enables the cell to bring large particles/ molecules into the cell

41
Q

Pseudopodia

A

Extensions of the plasma membrane

42
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating

43
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking

44
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Synthesizes, transports and stores lipids

Breaks down sugars (Carbs)

45
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Makes proteins and puts them inside vesicles

Covered in Ribosomes

46
Q

Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex

A

Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins for secretion or transport within a cell.

Like a post office

47
Q

Lysosome

A

The recycle center/ digestion within cell

Sac of digestive enzymes enclosed in a membrane

48
Q

Lysosomes are filled with?

A

Immune cells

49
Q

Autophagy

A

Breaking down old or damaged within a cell

Cell breaking down itself

50
Q

Two forms of programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis and autophagy

51
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Controlled

Body getting rid of cells that aren’t needed or damaged

Webbed fingers fetus

52
Q

Necrosis

A

Uncontrolled

Cell death that leaves dead cells in tissues, may spread quickly and affect surrounding cells

53
Q

Matrix

A

Space inside the inner membrane

54
Q

Mitochondrium

A

Synthesizes ATP

Powerhouse of cell

55
Q

3 things mitochondria have?

A

Have a double membrane
their own DNA
Ribosome

56
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of protein fibers

57
Q

3 things Cytoskeleton do?

A

Give structural support to cell
Enables movement
Assist with cell division and mitosis

58
Q

Microvilli

A

Extra surface area for absorbance

59
Q

Cilia

A

Moves in waves,
Move fluid, mucus and materials over the cell surface

Longer than microvilli
Short and numerous

60
Q

Flagellum

A

Single long extension of membrane filled with microtubules
Few and moves like a whip

61
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest structure in a cell

House DNA
makes mRNA

62
Q

Necleolus

A

Assembles rRNA and ribosomes

63
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Double membrane protecting Nucleus

64
Q

Pores

A

Control movement into and out of nuclear envelope

65
Q

Chromatin fiber

A

DNA molecule with proteins
Stored inside chromosomes

66
Q

How to make a protein

A

Transcribe DNA to mRNA in nucleus
Transport mRNA to cytoplasm
ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acids

67
Q

Ribosomes make what?

A

Proteins

68
Q

Free ribosomes

A

Make proteins for cell
Stay in cytoplasm

69
Q

Fixed ribosome

A

Make protein for secretion, embedding in the membrane

70
Q

DNA is a single chromosome called ?

A

A nucleiod

71
Q

Mitosis

A

Creates an exact duplicate of a cell
To replace cells
New cells to respond to demand

72
Q

Diploid

A

2 of each chromosome

73
Q

Mitosis turns one cell into

A

2 identical cells

74
Q

Meiosis turns one cell into?

A

4 cells with half DNA

BIO (10 decks)

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