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The Cell Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is plasma membrane made of?

A

A bilayer of phospholipids

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2
Q

What does a plasma membrane do?

A

Separate inside environment from the outside environment

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains chromosomes (DNA)
Largest structure, visible

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Everything except nucleus and membrane Including cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

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5
Q

Another name for Cytosol

A

Intercellular fluid

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6
Q

Cytosol

A

Mostly water, provides nutrition to cell

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7
Q

Inclusion

A

Temporarily stored chemicals or other structures not bound by membrane

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8
Q

Organelles

A

Structures bound by membrane

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9
Q

Phospholipids

A

Phosphate with 2 fatty acid chains

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10
Q

What 2 things are embedded in membrane?

A

Cholesterol molecules and proteins

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11
Q

Each phospholipid has …?

A

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

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12
Q

The plasma membrane is semi permeable meaning?

A

Some things can cross freely, other things can’t.

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13
Q

Semi permeable

A

Some things can cross freely, other things can’t.

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14
Q

Extracelluar fluid

A

Fluid outside the cell

Protects cell, recognizes intruders

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15
Q

Can water move easily through the membrane?

A

Water can’t move easily across hydrophobic part of membrane

It moves through channels (aquaporins)

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16
Q

Channels are made from?

A

Proteins

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17
Q

What requires a channel or transporter to move?

A

Water, ions, large molecules like proteins and glucose

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18
Q

Can move through the membrane easily?

A

Fats

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19
Q

Transport proteins

A

Carry large molecules (such as proteins and glucose) across the membrane

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20
Q

Extracelluar matrix

A

Material outside the cell secreted by cell

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21
Q

Passive transport

A

Molecules moving without using energy

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22
Q

Active transport

A

Molecules moving using energy

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23
Q

Diffusion

A

Particles moving down a concentration gradient

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24
Q

Chemical driving force

A

The natural tendency particles want to move

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25
Osmosis
The diffusion of water Water moving from high concentration to low concentration
26
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of large molecules going down a concentration gradient Requires transport proteins, no energy
27
Active transport
Movement of a substance against a concentration gradient Low to high
28
What does active transport use and why?
Use proteins called pumps to move particles up and down their gradient. Uses energy
29
Kinetic energy
Energy of things in motion
30
Stored/potential energy
Energy of things due to their shape or position Like a spring
31
Chemical energy
Energy stored inc chemical bonds
32
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
33
ADP
adenosine Diphosphate
34
Sodium Potassium Pump does what?
3 Na - Sodium out (Na Na Na) 2 K - Potassium in (KK come in)
35
How does APT turn into ADP?
ATP binds to transport protein (pumps) ATP separates into ADP releasing energy
36
Process of Exocytosis
Vesicle goes near membrane Vesicles membrane fuses with cells membrane Membrane opens and contains of vesicle releases components into Extracelluar fluid
37
Vesicles
Small, membrane bound container inside a cell
38
Exocytosis
Enables cells to release large volumes
39
Vacuole
Large vesicle
40
Endocytosis
Enables the cell to bring large particles/ molecules into the cell
41
Pseudopodia
Extensions of the plasma membrane
42
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
43
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking
44
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesizes, transports and stores lipids Breaks down sugars (Carbs)
45
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Makes proteins and puts them inside vesicles Covered in Ribosomes
46
Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex
Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins for secretion or transport within a cell. Like a post office
47
Lysosome
The recycle center/ digestion within cell Sac of digestive enzymes enclosed in a membrane
48
Lysosomes are filled with?
Immune cells
49
Autophagy
Breaking down old or damaged within a cell Cell breaking down itself
50
Two forms of programmed cell death
Apoptosis and autophagy
51
Programmed cell death
Controlled Body getting rid of cells that aren’t needed or damaged Webbed fingers fetus
52
Necrosis
Uncontrolled Cell death that leaves dead cells in tissues, may spread quickly and affect surrounding cells
53
Matrix
Space inside the inner membrane
54
Mitochondrium
Synthesizes ATP Powerhouse of cell
55
3 things mitochondria have?
Have a double membrane their own DNA Ribosome
56
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein fibers
57
3 things Cytoskeleton do?
Give structural support to cell Enables movement Assist with cell division and mitosis
58
Microvilli
Extra surface area for absorbance
59
Cilia
Moves in waves, Move fluid, mucus and materials over the cell surface Longer than microvilli Short and numerous
60
Flagellum
Single long extension of membrane filled with microtubules Few and moves like a whip
61
Nucleus
Largest structure in a cell House DNA makes mRNA
62
Necleolus
Assembles rRNA and ribosomes
63
Nuclear Envelope
Double membrane protecting Nucleus
64
Pores
Control movement into and out of nuclear envelope
65
Chromatin fiber
DNA molecule with proteins Stored inside chromosomes
66
How to make a protein
Transcribe DNA to mRNA in nucleus Transport mRNA to cytoplasm ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acids
67
Ribosomes make what?
Proteins
68
Free ribosomes
Make proteins for cell Stay in cytoplasm
69
Fixed ribosome
Make protein for secretion, embedding in the membrane
70
DNA is a single chromosome called ?
A nucleiod
71
Mitosis
Creates an exact duplicate of a cell To replace cells New cells to respond to demand
72
Diploid
2 of each chromosome
73
Mitosis turns one cell into
2 identical cells
74
Meiosis turns one cell into?
4 cells with half DNA

BIO (10 decks)

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