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BIO > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 main steps in Cellular Respiration?

A

Glycolysis

Citric acid cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation

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2
Q

What is the formula for Aerobic Cellular Respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → → → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

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3
Q

What is Cellular Respiration?

A

Metabolic pathway that transforms the energy in glucose into ATP

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4
Q

How many ATP can be made from cellular respiration?

A

Up to 36

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5
Q

What is the formula for glucose?

A

C6H12O6

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6
Q

Where does glycolysis happen?

A

In the cytoplasm

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7
Q

What are the two parts of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Electron transport and Chemiosmosis

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8
Q

Explain the mitochondrial structure.

A

It has a double membrane

It has an outer membrane and an inner membrane. The space between the two is called inter membrane space. The space inside the inner membrane is called the matrix

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9
Q

What are the 2 parts in Glycolysis?

A

The energy investment phase and the energy harvesting phase

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10
Q

What happens in the energy investment phase?

A

•Break one molecule of glucose into Carbons
•Use energy from 2 ATP (energy source) by turning it into 2 ADP
•Phosphorylate the 3 carbons (add one phosphate)

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11
Q

What happens in the first part of energy harvesting phase?

A

Add another phosphate to the carbon molecules
Harvest H atoms, turning NAD+ into NADH

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12
Q

What is produced in glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvate
4 ATP
2 NADH

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13
Q

What is the main sugar that is used in cellular respiration? Can other sugars be used?

A

The main sugar is glucose

Other sugars can be used but won’t work as well.

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14
Q

What happens in the second part of the energy harvest phase?

A

The 2 phosphates from the carbon molecule separate and bind with 2 ADP
Turning the 2 ADP into 2 ATP
The carbon molecule turns into a pyruvate molecule

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15
Q

What happens after glycolysis if we have oxygen and if we don’t have oxygen?

A

If we have oxygen, the aerobic cellular respiration proceeds

If we don’t, fermentation happens

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16
Q

When does the “prep” reaction start?What happens during the “prep” reaction?

A

It happens in the mitochondria after glycolysis

It prepares the pyruvate for the citrus acid cycle by adding 1 CO2 per pyruvate

17
Q

What does the citric acid cycle start with?

A

A 6 carbon molecule (4 carbon and a 2 carbon)

18
Q

What happens in the citric acid cycle?

A

A series of chemical reactions that harvested the energy in the pyruvate and H atoms are transferred to NADH and FADH2

19
Q

Where does citric acid cycle happen?

A

In the mitochondria matrix

20
Q

What are NAD+ and FAD+

A

Coenzymes

21
Q

In the citric acid cycle, what happens to the carbons we get from glucose?

A

Carbons are released out of our body as CO2

22
Q

What happens to the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ in the the citric acid cycle?

A

NAD+ and FAD+ turn into NADH and FADH2

23
Q

What are the 2 parts of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Electron transport chain and
Chemiosmosis

24
Q

What is the main thing that happen during oxidative phosphorylation? What does it need?

A

It requires Oxygen

It adds PO4 (phosphate group) to ADP and turns it into ATP

ADP + PO4 → ATP

25
Q

Where does oxidative phosphorylation happen?

A

In the inner mitochondrial membrane

26
Q

What does the electron transport chain do?

A

Uses energy in e- to push H+ across the inner membrane

This creates a electrochemical gradient of H+ ions

27
Q

What is the electron acceptor?

A

Oxygen

1/2O2 + 2 e- +2H+ —> H2O

28
Q

What is the end result of the electron transport chain

A

H2O

29
Q

____________ of ions turns _________

A

Kinetic Energy, ATP synthase

30
Q

What happens during chemiosmosis?

A

H+ ions flew across the inner membrane through ATP synthase (enzyme)

The kinetic energy from H+ ions make ATP reaction

31
Q

What happens if we do not have oxygen in chemiososis?

A

Oxygen can not be produced
In long term cells will die because there is no ATP
(Death from carbon monoxide poisoning)
in short term we can use fermentation

32
Q

What is produced during fermentation?

A

2 ATP and Lactic acid

33
Q

What happens to lactic acid in the liver?

A

It is converted back to pyruvic acid

BIO (10 decks)

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