Acid and Bases

Question 1

H+

Answer 1

Hydrogen ion

Question 2

OH-

Answer 2

Hydroxide

Question 3

How do we know if something is an acid?

Answer 3

It releases H+ into a solution

Has a pH of 6 or lower

Question 4

How do we know is something is a base?

Answer 4

If it releases OH- into the solution (or absorbs H+)

pH of 8 or higher

Question 5

What is a pH scale?

Answer 5

Measures the number of H+ ions in a solution

Question 6

pH of water?

Answer 6

pH of 7

Question 7

What is a Buffers?

Answer 7

Minimize charges in pH by accepting H+ when it is in excess or donating H+ when it is depleted

Absorbs both H+ and OH-

Resist changes in pH

Question 8

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 8

Are weak attractions between hydrogen atoms in one molecule and negative particles in another molecule

Question 9

Hydrogen bonds create what in water?

Answer 9

Cohesion

Question 10

Cohesion

Answer 10

Tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together

Question 11

Cohesion is related to what?

Answer 11

Surface tension

Question 12

Surface tension

Answer 12

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Question 13

What is liquid water made of?

Answer 13

Hydrogen bonds that constantly break and reform

Question 14

What is ice?

Answer 14

Stable hydrogen bonds hold molecules apart, making ice less dense then water

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

Have more neutrons

And a greater mass than standard atoms

Question 16

What are the Carbon isotopes? And are they active?

Answer 16

Carbon 12 - stable
Carbon 13 - stable
Carbon 14 - radioactive

Question 17

Radioactive

Answer 17

Process of radioactive decay of isotopes

Question 18

Radioactive isotope

Answer 18

Nucleus decays spontaneously, shedding neutrons (and sometimes other particles) and energy

Question 19

What’s the pH of human blood?

Answer 19

7.35-7.45

Question 20

What are the characteristics of acids?

Answer 20

Sour
May sting
pH color is red

Question 21

What are the characteristics of bases?

Answer 21

Bitter, chalky
Soapy, slippery
pH color is blue

Question 22

Solutions

Answer 22

A homogenous mixture in which one substance (solute) is uniform distributed in another substance (solvent)

Question 23

________ is present in lower amount than ________

Answer 23

Solute , solvent

Question 24

Hydration

Answer 24

Surrounded by water molecules

Question 25

Electrolytes

Answer 25

Are compounds that conduct electricity when in a solution

Question 26

Solubility

Answer 26

How much of a solute can dissolve in a given amount of solvent

Question 27

When no more solute can dissolve, a solution is ______

Answer 27

Saturated

Question 28

In a solution, Ionic particles undergo what?

Answer 28

Hydration

Question 29

Strong acid

Answer 29

More H+ ion (H3O) produced for each mole of acid that dissolves

Question 30

Formula for solutions ?

Answer 30

%= grams of solute 100 mL solution

Question 31

What is milli when converting ?

Answer 31

1000m ——— 1

Question 32

What is centi when converting ?

Answer 32

100 c ——— 1

Question 33

What is a deci when converting?

Answer 33

10 d ——— 1

Question 34

Base is also known as ?

Answer 34

Alkali

Question 35

Basic is also known as ?

Answer 35

Alkaline

Question 36

What is a an example of a strong base?

Answer 36

NaOH

Question 37

What is the LeChatelier’s Principal

Answer 37

When equilibrium is disturbed, the rates of the the forward and reverse reactions change to relieve stress and reestablish equilibrium The goes both ways

Question 38

What is Salt

Answer 38

Ionic compound that does not have H+ as the cation or OH- as the anion

Question 39

What does Acid + metal produce

Answer 39

Produces H2 gas and a salt

Question 40

What does Acid + carbonate (CO3) or bicarbonate produce?

Answer 40

Produces carbon dioxide, water, and a salt

Question 41

What does an acid + hydroxide produce?

Answer 41

Water and salt

Question 42

What does combining an acid and base do?

Answer 42

It begins to neutralize It brings the pH closer to neutral 7

Question 43

What is a kilo when converting

Answer 43

1000 unit ————— 1 k

Question 44

Hypotonic

Answer 44

Water enters cell

Question 45

Hypertonic

Answer 45

Water will leave cell

Question 46

Isotonic

Answer 46

Water will move in and out of cell at the same rate