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BIO > Acid and Bases > Flashcards

Acid and Bases Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

H+

A

Hydrogen ion

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2
Q

OH-

A

Hydroxide

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3
Q

How do we know if something is an acid?

A

It releases H+ into a solution

Has a pH of 6 or lower

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4
Q

How do we know is something is a base?

A

If it releases OH- into the solution (or absorbs H+)

pH of 8 or higher

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5
Q

What is a pH scale?

A

Measures the number of H+ ions in a solution

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6
Q

pH of water?

A

pH of 7

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7
Q

What is a Buffers?

A

Minimize charges in pH by accepting H+ when it is in excess or donating H+ when it is depleted

Absorbs both H+ and OH-

Resist changes in pH

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8
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

Are weak attractions between hydrogen atoms in one molecule and negative particles in another molecule

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9
Q

Hydrogen bonds create what in water?

A

Cohesion

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10
Q

Cohesion

A

Tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together

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11
Q

Cohesion is related to what?

A

Surface tension

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12
Q

Surface tension

A

A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

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13
Q

What is liquid water made of?

A

Hydrogen bonds that constantly break and reform

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14
Q

What is ice?

A

Stable hydrogen bonds hold molecules apart, making ice less dense then water

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

Have more neutrons

And a greater mass than standard atoms

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16
Q

What are the Carbon isotopes? And are they active?

A

Carbon 12 - stable
Carbon 13 - stable
Carbon 14 - radioactive

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17
Q

Radioactive

A

Process of radioactive decay of isotopes

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18
Q

Radioactive isotope

A

Nucleus decays spontaneously, shedding neutrons (and sometimes other particles) and energy

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19
Q

What’s the pH of human blood?

A

7.35-7.45

20
Q

What are the characteristics of acids?

A

Sour
May sting
pH color is red

21
Q

What are the characteristics of bases?

A

Bitter, chalky
Soapy, slippery
pH color is blue

22
Q

Solutions

A

A homogenous mixture in which one substance (solute) is uniform distributed in another substance (solvent)

23
Q

________ is present in lower amount than ________

A

Solute , solvent

24
Q

Hydration

A

Surrounded by water molecules

25
Q

Electrolytes

A

Are compounds that conduct electricity when in a solution

26
Q

Solubility

A

How much of a solute can dissolve in a given amount of solvent

27
Q

When no more solute can dissolve, a solution is ______

A

Saturated

28
Q

In a solution, Ionic particles undergo what?

A

Hydration

29
Q

Strong acid

A

More H+ ion (H3O) produced for each mole of acid that dissolves

30
Q

Formula for solutions ?

A

%= grams of solute
100 mL solution

31
Q

What is milli when converting ?

A

1000m
———
1

32
Q

What is centi when converting ?

A

100 c
———
1

33
Q

What is a deci when converting?

A

10 d
———
1

34
Q

Base is also known as ?

A

Alkali

35
Q

Basic is also known as ?

A

Alkaline

36
Q

What is a an example of a strong base?

A

NaOH

37
Q

What is the LeChatelier’s Principal

A

When equilibrium is disturbed, the rates of the the forward and reverse reactions change to relieve stress and reestablish equilibrium

The goes both ways

38
Q

What is Salt

A

Ionic compound that does not have H+ as the cation or OH- as the anion

39
Q

What does Acid + metal produce

A

Produces H2 gas and a salt

40
Q

What does Acid + carbonate (CO3) or bicarbonate produce?

A

Produces carbon dioxide, water, and a salt

41
Q

What does an acid + hydroxide produce?

A

Water and salt

42
Q

What does combining an acid and base do?

A

It begins to neutralize
It brings the pH closer to neutral 7

43
Q

What is a kilo when converting

A

1000 unit
—————
1 k

44
Q

Hypotonic

A

Water enters cell

45
Q

Hypertonic

A

Water will leave cell

46
Q

Isotonic

A

Water will move in and out of cell at the same rate

BIO (10 decks)

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