Proteins And Enzymes

Question 1

Proteins are also?

Answer 1

Polymers

Question 2

Amino acids are also called?

Answer 2

Monomers

Question 3

What are Amino acids?

Answer 3

A carbon bound to a amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen and a side chain (or R group)

Question 4

What group is different in each amino acid?

Answer 4

R group (side chain)

Question 5

What is the structure of amino acids?

Answer 5

H = O
H — N — C — C — OH
. R group

Question 6

What is a Peptide bond?

Answer 6

The bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another amino acid.

Question 7

How to form a protein?

Answer 7

Amino acids binding to other amino acids; each creating a peptide bond with the next amino acid

Question 8

What is a peptide?

Answer 8

Any molecule with a peptide bond

Question 9

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 9

2-49 amino acids

Question 10

What is a protein?

Answer 10

50+ amino acids

Question 11

How many structures can a protein have and what are they?

Answer 11

There is 4.
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure

Question 12

What is primary structure?

Answer 12

The order and number of amino acids

Question 13

What is secondary structure?

Answer 13

The folding of chain into β-pleated sheets or α-helices

Question 14

What is a β-pleated sheet?

Answer 14

Folded structure

Question 15

What is α-helices?

Answer 15

Twisted, curled structure

Question 16

What is Tertiary structure?

Answer 16

Folding of both α-helices and β-pleated sheets into a 3D structure

Question 17

What is a quaternary structure?

Answer 17

Combination of multiple peptides or proteins into a single molecule

Question 18

What is a Monomer?

Answer 18

Individual amino acids are monomers of a complete protein structure

Question 19

What is Hemoglobin made of?

Answer 19

4 monomers

Question 20

What is ATP synthase made of?

Answer 20

20 monomer (subunits)

Question 21

What does ATP synthase do?

Answer 21

Makes ATP molecules inside mitochondria

Question 22

How many amino acids are there in nature?

Answer 22

20

Question 23

What is genetic mutation?

Answer 23

Change in instructions for making protein.

Lead to amino acid substitutions in making of protein

Question 24

What is denaturation?

Answer 24

When environmental conditions can break peptide bonds and bonds within the 3D structure

Question 25

Conditions that cause denaturation?

Answer 25

Temperature, pH, ion concentration, enzyme action, physical agitation

Question 26

What does denaturation do to a protein?

Answer 26

Causes loss of function Loss of biological activity

Question 27

What does renaturation do to a protein?

Answer 27

Regains activity

Question 28

What is an enzyme?

Answer 28

Specialized protein that makes a chemical reaction happen with less activation energy

Question 29

What is activation energy?

Answer 29

Energy required to get a reaction started

Question 30

What is another name for enzyme?

Answer 30

Catalysts

Question 31

What do anabolic enzymes do?

Answer 31

Help to create chemical bonds Put reactants closer together and in correct orientation

Question 32

What does catabolic enzyme do?

Answer 32

Help to break chemical Pull reactants apart or put them in orientation that stresses the bonds

Question 33

How are enzymes named?

Answer 33

The thing they catalyze then -ase

Question 34

What is substrate?

Answer 34

The molecules that binds to a particular enzyme

Question 35

What does each enzyme molecule have?

Answer 35

An active site

Question 36

What happens at the active site of an enzyme?

Answer 36

the reaction takes place

Question 37

What is optimal temperature?

Answer 37

Temperature at which they work most efficiently

Question 38

Human enzymes work best at what temperature ?

Answer 38

37 degree C

Question 39

What is optimal pH?

Answer 39

pH at which enzymes work most efficiently

Question 40

What do inhibitors do?

Answer 40

Block the action of an enzyme

Question 41

What are competitive inhibitors?

Answer 41

They bind at the active site

Question 42

What is a noncompetitive inhibitors?

Answer 42

They bind at another site and changes the shape of the enzyme

Question 43

Another name for noncompetitive inhibitors?

Answer 43

Allosteric inhibition

Question 44

When do proteins work best?

Answer 44

When they are in their certain environments Each protein has their own environment

Question 45

What happens when proteins bind to something?

Answer 45

They change shape and create a reaction

Question 46

What pH is optimal for human enzymes?

Answer 46

7.4

Question 47

What pH is optimal for stomach enzymes?

Answer 47

2