The Cell Cycle And Cell Division Flashcards
What are the correct amount of chromosomes we possess?
46 chromosomes in 23 pairs
What is the cell called when it has 23 pairs of chromosomes?
Diploid
What is a cell with 23 chromosomes called?
Haploid
What is meant by karyotype?
Number, shape and size of chromosome In an organism
What is genome?
All of the hereditary information encoded in organisms DNA
What are the 2 types of cell division?
Mitosis and meiosis
What happens when cell division is out of control?
Cancer
What is the outcome of mitosis?
2x identical daughter cells
What is the outcome of meiosis?
4x non identical cells with half the amount of chromosomes.
Does mitosis create haploid or diploid cells?
Diploid
Does meiosis create haploid or diploid cells?
Haploid
Is mitosis somatic or reproductive division?
Somatic
Is meiosis somatic or reproductive division?
Reproductive
What is the stage between cell division called?
Interphase
What happens during interphase of cell division?
Cells grow and duplicate their DNA
What are the 4 stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What is cytokinesis?
Cell divides into 2 or 4
How many chromosomes are made in interphase?
92
What happens in prophase of mitosis?
Chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles devide into 2 and spindles form at opposite poles of the cell
What happens during metaphase of mitosis?
Spindles fully develop, chromosomes align at metaphase plate in single line
What happens during anaphase in mitosis?
Sister chromatids are seperated and go to seperate sides of the cell
What happens during telophase of mitosis?
Chromosomes are decondensed and become surrounded by their own nuclear envelopes at opposite sides of cell
What pair of chromosomes is the largest?
1
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are autosomes, what does this mean?
Chromosomes in each pair are identical
What are chromosomes pair 23, what do they do?
Sex chromosomes that determine gender.
Xx=female
Xy=male
What is a the male gamete?
Spermatozoa
What is the female gamete?
Ovum
What is a zygote?
Egg and sperm fused together by fertilisation
What happens in metaphase 1 of meiosis that doesn’t happen in mitosis?
Genes cross over creating genetically unique daughter cells
How many divisions does meiosis have?
2
How many divisions does mitosis have?
1
What is different that happens in telophase 1 of meiosis?
Cytoplasm divides unequally, creates a larger daughter cell and a smaller polar body
