Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is the definition of cellular respiration?
Break down of glucose into water and carbon dioxide
What are the 3 steps of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) and electron transport chain
What does glycolysis mean?
Break down of glucose
What’s is the chemical equation of glucose?
C6 H12 O6
What is aerobic respiration? And how many ATP does it create?
In the presence of oxygen
Creats 38 ATP
What is anaerobic respiration? How many ATP does it make?
Without oxygen
Creates 2 ATP
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
Does glycolysis have to be in the presence of oxygen?
No
Describe the process of glycolysis?
-Invest 2x ATP to break down glucose into 2 triose phosphates
-oxidisation of triose phosphates, NAD pick up lost hydrogen to become NADH
- 2x pyruvates produced
What is the sum of glycolysis?
2xATP
2xNADH
2xpyruvates
How much ATP does glycolysis create?
2
Does the krebs cycle require oxygen?
Yes
Where does the Krebs cycle happen?
Mitochondrial matrix
What happens just before Krebs?
Prep steps
What happens during the prep steps?
Co enzyme A removes carbon from pyruvates to create 2x acetyl co A
What is made as a waste product of prep steps?
Carbon dioxide
What does acetyl co A join with in the Krebs cycle?
Oxaloacetate to form citrate
How many reactions are in the Krebs cycle?
8
What is the sum of the Krebs cycle?
2x ATP
6xNADH
2xFADH
How many ATP does the Krebs cycle make?
2
How many ATP does the electron transport chain make?
34
What is the process of electron transport chain?
Enzymes FADH and NADH take hydrogen and electrons into the chain. These are passed across proteins. Reduction and oxidisation (redox) causes large numbers of hydrogen protons to be sucked into ATP synthase and 34 ATP are created
What is a by product of electron transport chain?
Water (H2O)
How many ATP can be made from one molecule of glucose?
38
What is passive transport?
Cell transport that does not require energy
What are the 3 forms of passive transport?
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
What is diffusion?
Spontaneous spreading of a substance from high concentration to low concentration
What is facilitated diffusion?
Proteins change shape of the Channel
What is osmosis?
Water moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration
What is active transport?
Cell transport that requires energy
What is an example of active transport?
Sodium-potassium pump
What is fermentation?
Use when body isn’t getting enough oxygen to fuel activities
What are the 2 types of fermentation?
Alcohol and lactic acid
What is made during alcohol fermentation?
2x acetaldehyde
NADH then used to make 2x ethanol
What is made during lactic acid fermentation?
2x lactate
