Atoms/compounds Flashcards
What are the components within the atom nucleus?
Protons
Neutrons
What is the charge of a proton?
Positively charged
What is the charge of a neutron?
No charge
What is the charge of an electron?
Negatively charged
What is the outer shell of an atom called?
Vallence shell
What is the atomic number?
Number of protons?
What is the atomic mass?
Sum of protons and neutrons
What is covalent bonding?
Sharing electrons
What is ionic bonding?
Transfer of electrons
What is hydrogen bonding?
Polarity causes weak electrical attractions between neighbouring atoms
What is a compound?
Contains 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
What does polarity mean?
Difference in charge across the atom, electrons distributed un evenly
What is the smallest unit of any molecule or compound?
Single atom
What are the 3 main nutrients in living organisms?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
What is an ion?
Atoms which have gained electrical charge
What happens if atoms gain electrons?
They may become negatively charged
What happens if atoms loose electrons?
The atom may become positively charged
What is an isotope?
Number of neutrons in an element can vary, the number of protons may stay the same but the neutrons may differ
How many electrons can the inner shell hold?
2
What is an example of a inorganic molecule?
Water
What is an example of an organic molecule?
DNA
