Nucleic Acid And Nucleotides Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
What are the building blocks of nucleic acid?
Nucleotides
What is a nucleotide made of?
Deoxyribose sugar or ribose sugar, a base and a phosphate
What is the only cell in the body without DNA?
Red blood cells as they have no nucleus to hold DNA
What are the 4 bases found in DNA?
Cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine
What are the 4 bases found in RNA?
Uracil, guanine, adenine, cytosine
What makes up the backbone of the double helix in DNA?
Sugar and phosphate group make up backbone
What are the bases held together by in a double helix?
Hydrogen bonds
Does RNA have a single strand or double helix?
Single strand
Where is DNA found?
Nucleus
Where is RNA found?
Cytoplasm of cells
What are the main functions of RNA and DNA?
-store information
-replicate stored information
-express genetic information
-information transfer
How does RNA and DNA replicate genetic information?
-double strand of DNA separates due to an enzyme
-free nucleotides are attracted to the free bases of the DNA
-DNA polymerase joins them to form 2 new double helix strands
-called semi conservative method
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP knows as?
Energy currency of the body
Where is ATP synthesised?
Mitchondria of cell
What is the structure of ATP?
1x adenine base
1xribose
3x phosphates
What based in DNA and RNA are purines?
Guanine and adenine
What based in DNA and RNA are pyrimidines?
Cytosine, thymine, uracil
What does it mean when a base is a purine?
Has 2 carbon-nitrogen rings
What does it mean when a base is a pyrimidine?
Base has 1 carbon-nitrogen ring
