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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does systol mean?

A

Contraction

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2
Q

What does diastole mean?

A

Relaxation

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3
Q

What is the SA node referred to?

A

Pace maker

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4
Q

Where does the SA node send electrical impulse to?

A

AV bundle and pirjinkie fibres

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5
Q

What muscle layer of the arteries is the thickest?

A

Tunic media

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6
Q

What is the average blood pressure?

A

120
80

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7
Q

What is the average resting heart rate?

A

72bpm

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8
Q

What is the average stroke volume?

A

70mls

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9
Q

What is the average cardiac output?

A

5L per min

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10
Q

What does cardiac output mean?

A

Volume of Blood pumped by heart per minute

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11
Q

What does heart rate mean?

A

Heart beats per minute

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12
Q

What does stroke volume mean?

A

Amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle when it contracts

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13
Q

What is the sum of cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

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14
Q

Do veins or arteries have larger lumen?

A

Veins

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15
Q

Do veins or arteries have thicker cell walls?

A

Arteries

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16
Q

What are the 4 components of the cardio vascular system?

A

Heart
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries

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17
Q

What is the main function of arteries?

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the body

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18
Q

What is the main function of veins?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

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19
Q

What is the one artery that carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery which carries blood from the heart to the lungs

20
Q

What do semilunar valves do in the cardiovascular system?

A

Stop blood flowing back the wrong way in the heart

21
Q

In venous return, do veins carry blood at high or low pressure?

22
Q

During inspiration, how can the thoracic pressure and abdominal pressure be described?

A

Lower thoracic pressure, higher abdominal pressure

23
Q

During expiration, how can thoracic pressure and abdominal pressure be described?

A

Higher thoracic pressure, lower abdominal pressure

24
Q

What are the arteries that are found outside of the heart which control the heart muscles?

A

Coronary arteries

25
Q

What can happen if a coronary artery becomes blocked?

A

Heart attack

26
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

-circulate blood around the body
-Provide cells with glucose and oxygen
-take waste products to excreting organs

27
Q

describe the shape of the heart…

A

Cone shaped
Hollow muscular organ

28
Q

What is the heart protected by?

29
Q

What does the septum of the heart do?

A

Stop mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

30
Q

What are the 2 components of dual circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation- deoxygenated blood to the lungs and back

Systemic circulation- oxygenated blood to the body and back

31
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart tissue?

A

Inner- endocardium
Middle- myocardium
Outer- pericardium

32
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to heart rate?

33
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do to heart rate?

34
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

35
Q

How does deoxygenated blood leave the heart?

A

Pulmonary artery

36
Q

Where does oxygenated blood enter the heart?

A

Pulmonary valve

37
Q

How does oxygenated blood leave the heart?

38
Q

Explain the process of blood entering the Right side of the heart and leaving?

A

-deoxygenated blood enters through vena cavas
-fills right atrium
-right atrium contracts so tricuspid valve opens
-blood starts to fill right ventricle
-when ventricle is nearly full, the SA node triggers contraction which closes AV valve
-electrical impulse is sent to AV bundle and purjinkie fibres
-SL valve opens and ventricle contracts, pushing blood out of pulmonary artery and to the lungs

39
Q

Explain the process of blood entering the left side of the heart and leaving?

A

Oxygenated blood enters pulmonary valve and fills left atrium
Left atrium contracts, bicuspid valve opens
Blood starts to fill left ventricle
When ventricle is nearly full, SA node triggers contraction so AV valve closes
Electrical impulse and to AV bundle and pirjinkie fibres
SL valve opens and ventricle contracts to send the blood up and out to the body through the aorta

40
Q

What do barareceptors do?

A

Detect changes in blood pressure

41
Q

What do chemoreceptors do?

A

Detect changes in blood CO2 levels

42
Q

When atrioles contract, does blood pressure increase or decrease?

43
Q

When atrioles dilate, does blood pressure increase or decrease?

44
Q

Where is the cardiovascular centre located?

A

Medulla of brain stem

45
Q

Give 3 examples of hormones that can increase blood pressure

A

Adrenaline/noradrenaline
Antiduretics
Aldosterone

46
Q

Give an example of a hormone that decreases blood pressure?

DDP (21 decks)

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