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Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 structures involved in the respiratory system?

A

Nose
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx and trachea
Bronchi and bronchioles
Lungs
Respiratory pump

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2
Q

What are the nose and naval cavity seperated by?

A

Septum

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3
Q

What tissue is the nose/nasal cavity lined with?

A

Ciliated collumnar epithelial

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4
Q

What is the function of nose/nasal cavity in respiration?

A

Warms, filters and moistens air

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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6
Q

What tissue is the oropharynx and larngopharynx lined with?

A

Stratified squamous epithelial

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7
Q

What is the function of the pharynx during respiration?

A

Passageway for food and air
Warms and humidifies air
Protection- lymphatic tissue

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8
Q

What is the larynx also known as?

A

Voice box

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9
Q

What does the larynx have which stops food from travelling down the wrong way?

A

Epiglottis

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10
Q

What is the main functions of the larynx during respiration?

A

Protection of lower respiratory tract (epiglottis)
Humidifies and warms air

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11
Q

What is the trachea also knows as?

A

Wind pipe

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12
Q

At level T5 what does the trachea seperate into?

A

Left and right bronchi

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13
Q

What’s are the functions of the rings of cartilage around trachea?

A

Keep wind pipe open and stop obstruction when moving head and neck

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14
Q

What do the bronchiole cilla do?

A

Hair like projections trap particles in lumen of airway

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15
Q

The lungs have 2 layers, what layer attached the lungs to the thoracic cavity?

A

Perietal

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16
Q

The pleural cavity is the are between the two layers of the lungs; it contains fluid, what happens if this becomes infected?

A

Pleurisy

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17
Q

Where does gaseous exchange take place?

A

Alveoli at end of bronchioles

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18
Q

What is surfactant?

A

Phospholipid fluid that stops alveoli from drying out

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19
Q

What are the main muscles used in breathing?

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

20
Q

What happens to the diaphragm on contraction?

A

Flattens and increases thoracic volume

21
Q

What happens when external intercostal muscles contract?

A

Increase volume of thoracic cavity

22
Q

What do the internal intercostal muscles do on exhalation?

A

Make the thoracic cavity smaller again

23
Q

The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are used when?

A

Strenuous inspiration for example excercise

24
Q

Why does gaseous exchange occur?

A

When there is a difference in partial pressure

25
Q

What is gaseous exchange?

A

Diffusion do gasses down their concentration gradient to achieve equilibrium

26
Q

Where do gasses exchange during internal respiration?

A

Exchange of gases between blood, blood capillaries and cells
Remove oxygen and add Carbon dioxide

27
Q

Where do gasses exchange in external respiration?

A

Exchange between alveoli ans blood
Add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

28
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

Remove carbon dioxide and ensure oxygen enters body

29
Q

What is carbon dioxide carried by in the blood?

A

Erythrocytes

30
Q

What is oxygen carried by in the blood?

A

Haemoglobin

31
Q

What is respiration?

A

Exchange of gasses between cells and the environment

32
Q

Is the respiration in lungs external or internal?

33
Q

Is the respiration in tissues external or internal?

34
Q

What is the correct term for breathing?

A

Pulmonary ventilation

35
Q

What is breathing?

A

Movement of air in and out of lungs

36
Q

What are the 3 stages of breath?

A

Inspiration
Expiration
Pause inbetween breaths

37
Q

What is the average breathing rate?

A

12-15 per min

38
Q

During inspiration what happens to the muscles and diaphram?

A

Diaphram contracts and moves down
Intercostal muscles contract and move ribs upwards and outwards
Thoracic cavity increases and decreases air pressure

39
Q

During expiration, what happens to the diaphragm and muscles?

A

The diaphram moves up
The intercostal muscles move the ribs in and down
The air pressure increases
Decreases volume of thoracic cavity

40
Q

Does expiration or inspiration require active transport?

A

Inspiration

41
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Amount of air breathed in with normal breath
500ml

42
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

Max amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible

43
Q

What is the sum for vital capacity?

A

Tidal volume + inspiration reserve volume + expirations reserve volume

44
Q

What does dead space mean?

A

Air that has entered lungs but not reached alveoli (150mls)

45
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

Max air in lungs

DDP (21 decks)

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