The Cell Cycle Flashcards
Cells that are not used for reproduction(Body cells)
Somatic cell
Sexual reproductive cells
Egg/sperm
Gametes
Short segment of DNA within a chromatin or chromosome that codes for a trait
Gene
Long, thin strand of DNA
Chromatin
Short, coiled strand of DNA
Chromosome
Proteins that DNA coils around
Histones
Half of a duplicated chromosome
Chromatid
Point at which chromatids are connected
Centromere
2 chromosomes of a pair (one from mom and one from dad)
Homologous chromosomes
Cell that contains both chromosomes of each pair(2n)
Diploid cell
Cell that contains only one chromosome of each pair(N)
Haploid cell
The process cells go through as they grow and divide.
The life cycle of a cell
The cell cycle
What is Interphase
Cell growth
What happens during G1 phase
Growth of the cell
What happened during S phase
DNA replication
What happens during G2 phase?
More cell growth, cell prepares to divide
Division of the nucleus that results in somatic cells
Mitosis
What happens during prophase?
1) chromatin to chromosome
2) nuclear envelope and Nucleolus break down
3) centrioles separate to the poles and spindle fibers form
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
What happens during anaphase?
Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell
What happens during telophase?
1) Chromosome to chromatin
2) nuclear envelope and nucleus reform
3) centrioles more from the poles and spindle fibers break down
Cytoplasm and cell membrane divides
Cytokinesis
Chromosomes are photographed, cut out of the photograph and grouped in pairs
Karyotype
Division of the nucleus that results in sex cells(gametes)
Meiosis
Homologous pairs line up and form a tetrad of chromatids
Meiosis 1
The chromatids are separated into different cells
Meiosis 2
3 polar bodies and 1 haploid egg cell in females (resulted from meiosis)
Polar bodies
A group of 4 chromatids formed from each pair of homologous chromosomes
Tetrad
Portions of chromatids are exchanged within the tetrad
Crossing over
Making more DNA
Replication
The production of RNA using DNA as a pattern (making more RNA)
Transcription
The monomers that make up proteins
Amino acid
Decoding the information from mRNA to build proteins
Translation
The monomers that make up DNA and RNA
Nucleotide
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Transmits and stores genetic information
DNA
Uses information from DNA to put together proteins
RNA
Form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell
Spindle fibers
A small set of microtubules
Centrioles
Cell that results when gametes join together
Zygote
