The Cell Cycle

Question 1

Cells that are not used for reproduction(Body cells)

Answer 1

Somatic cell

Question 2

Sexual reproductive cells

Egg/sperm

Answer 2

Gametes

Question 3

Short segment of DNA within a chromatin or chromosome that codes for a trait

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

Long, thin strand of DNA

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

Short, coiled strand of DNA

Answer 5

Chromosome

Question 6

Proteins that DNA coils around

Answer 6

Histones

Question 7

Half of a duplicated chromosome

Answer 7

Chromatid

Question 8

Point at which chromatids are connected

Answer 8

Centromere

Question 9

2 chromosomes of a pair (one from mom and one from dad)

Answer 9

Homologous chromosomes

Question 10

Cell that contains both chromosomes of each pair(2n)

Answer 10

Diploid cell

Question 11

Cell that contains only one chromosome of each pair(N)

Answer 11

Haploid cell

Question 12

The process cells go through as they grow and divide.

The life cycle of a cell

Answer 12

The cell cycle

Question 13

What is Interphase

Answer 13

Cell growth

Question 14

What happens during G1 phase

Answer 14

Growth of the cell

Question 15

What happened during S phase

Answer 15

DNA replication

Question 16

What happens during G2 phase?

Answer 16

More cell growth, cell prepares to divide

Question 17

Division of the nucleus that results in somatic cells

Answer 17

Mitosis

Question 18

What happens during prophase?

Answer 18

1) chromatin to chromosome
2) nuclear envelope and Nucleolus break down
3) centrioles separate to the poles and spindle fibers form

Question 19

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 19

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 20

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 20

Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 21

What happens during telophase?

Answer 21

1) Chromosome to chromatin
2) nuclear envelope and nucleus reform
3) centrioles more from the poles and spindle fibers break down

Question 22

Cytoplasm and cell membrane divides

Answer 22

Cytokinesis

Question 23

Chromosomes are photographed, cut out of the photograph and grouped in pairs

Answer 23

Karyotype

Question 24

Division of the nucleus that results in sex cells(gametes)

Answer 24

Meiosis

Question 25

Homologous pairs line up and form a tetrad of chromatids

Answer 25

Meiosis 1

Question 26

The chromatids are separated into different cells

Answer 26

Meiosis 2

Question 27

3 polar bodies and 1 haploid egg cell in females (resulted from meiosis)

Answer 27

Polar bodies

Question 28

A group of 4 chromatids formed from each pair of homologous chromosomes

Answer 28

Tetrad

Question 29

Portions of chromatids are exchanged within the tetrad

Answer 29

Crossing over

Question 30

Making more DNA

Answer 30

Replication

Question 31

The production of RNA using DNA as a pattern (making more RNA)

Answer 31

Transcription

Question 32

The monomers that make up proteins

Answer 32

Amino acid

Question 33

Decoding the information from mRNA to build proteins

Answer 33

Translation

Question 34

The monomers that make up DNA and RNA

Answer 34

Nucleotide

Question 35

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Transmits and stores genetic information

Answer 35

DNA

Question 36

Uses information from DNA to put together proteins

Answer 36

RNA

Question 37

Form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell

Answer 37

Spindle fibers

Question 38

A small set of microtubules

Answer 38

Centrioles

Question 39

Cell that results when gametes join together

Answer 39

Zygote