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Honors Biology 10 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Controlled experiment

A

Experiment in which all variables are kept unchanged except one

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2
Q

Manipulated variable

A

The variable that is changed between the control group and the experimental group

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3
Q

Control group

A

The group that is being tested under normal conditions

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4
Q

Experimental group

A

The group that is being tested under the new or experimental conditions

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5
Q

Monomer

A

Small repeating units that fit together to form polymers

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6
Q

Polymer

A

Large molecules that are formed by joining together many monomers

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7
Q

What is the total magnification under a microscope?

A

X10

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8
Q

Unicellular

A

An organism made up of one cell

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9
Q

Multicellular

A

An organism made up of many cells

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10
Q

Why do cells need to stay small?

A

If cells get to big they can’t take in nutrients and let out waste

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11
Q

Eukaryotic

A

A cell that has a Nucleus

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12
Q

Prokaryotic

A

A cell that does not have a nucleus

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13
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

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14
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus

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15
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of the cell

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16
Q

Nucleolus

A

Produces the ribosomes

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17
Q

Ribosomes

A

Produces the ribosomes

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18
Q

Golgi body

A

Notifies and packages proteins to be shipped where they are needed

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19
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Produces lipids, proteins and other particles use the ER to move about the cell

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20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Makes ATP energy through cellular respiration

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21
Q

Cellular respiration equation

A

02 + CHO&raquo_space; H2O + CO2 + ATP

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22
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Makes food for the plants

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23
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

H2O + CO2 + ATP&raquo_space; O2 + CHO

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24
Q

Lysosomes

A

Breaks down food, bacteria, waste and worn out cell parts

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25
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

A

Large vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall

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26
Q

Diffusion

A

Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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27
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable(water moves from high to low concentration of water)

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28
Q

Solute

A

Substance that dissolves

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29
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of 2 or more substances in which the molecules of each substance are evenly distributed

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30
Q

Solvent

A

Substance in which the solute is dissolved

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31
Q

Hypertonic

A

The one that has a higher concentration of solute

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32
Q

Hypotonic

A

The one that has the low concentration of solute

33
Q

Cytolysis

A

When a cell bursts because of to much turgor pressure

34
Q

Plasmolysis

A

The shrinking or wilting of a cell from low turgor pressure

35
Q

Turgor pressure

A

Water pressure within the cell

36
Q

Active transport

A

Using energy to move particles against the concentration gradient

37
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of molecular substance across the cell membrane without the need of energy

38
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

39
Q

DNA Helicase

A

Un twists and unzips the DNA strand for DNA replication

40
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Connects new nucleotides to each other to compete the new DNA strand and proofreads the DNA strand

41
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

Un twists and unzips the DNA strand and connects the RNA nucleotides
It is the only enzyme in Transcription

42
Q

Nitrogen bases in DNA

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

43
Q

Nitrogen base in RNA

A

Adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

44
Q

Amino acids

A

Building blocks of proteins

45
Q

Proteins

A

Regulate cell process, control rate of reaction

46
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of the nucleus that results in somatic cells

47
Q

Meiosis

A

Division of the nucleus that results in gametes

48
Q

PMAT

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

49
Q

Haploid

A

Cell that contains only one chromosome of each pair

50
Q

Diploid

A

Cell that contains both chromosomes of each pair

51
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup of an organism

52
Q

Phenotype

A

The traits you have because of the genes you have

53
Q

Trait

A

A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

54
Q

Allele

A

Different forms of a gene

55
Q

Dominant

A

If the dominant allele is present in the alleles, the organism will exhibit that trait

56
Q

Recessive

A

In order for the trait to show up in the organism, both alleles must be recessive

57
Q

Homozygous

A

When an organism has 2 identical alleles for a particular gene

58
Q

Heterozygous

A

When an organism has 2 different alleles for a particular gene

59
Q

Evolution

A

The ability of a species to change over time to better adapt to their environment

60
Q

Variation within in a species

A

Some species but have different characteristics that are different between each individual

61
Q

Natural selection

A

Individuals that are better suited to their environment live longer and reproduce at a higher rate

62
Q

Herbivore

A

An animal that feeds on plants

63
Q

Carnivore

A

An animal that feeds on meat

64
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats both plants and meat

65
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The largest number of individuals that an environment can support

66
Q

Density dependent factor

A

Ant factor limiting the size of a population whose effect is dependent on the number of individuals in the population.

67
Q

Density independent factor

A

Any factor limiting the size of a population whose effect is not dependent on the number of individuals in the population

68
Q

7 classification levels of taxonomy

69
Q

Kingdom

70
Q

Phylum

71
Q

Class

72
Q

Order

73
Q

Family

74
Q

Genius

75
Q

Species

76
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

Chromatinbecomeschromosome Nuclearenvelopandnucleolus break down ­ Centriolesseparatetothepolesandspindle
fibersform

77
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomeslineupinthemiddle

ofthecell

78
Q

What happens during anaphase

A

Chromosomesmovetooppositeends ofthecell

79
Q

What happens during telophase

A

Chromosomesgo back to chromatin.
Nuclearenvelopandnucleolusforms. Centriolesmoveformthepolesandspindle
fibersbreaks down

Honors Biology 10 (10 decks)

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