11-1, 11-2, 11-3 Flashcards
The transfer of traits from parent to offspring
Heredity
The receiving of traits by the offspring
Inheritance
The original parental generation
P1 Generation
The offspring of the P generation
F1 generation
The offspring of the first filial generation
F2 generation
Sequence of DNA on a chromosome that code for a trait
Gene
A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
Trait
Different forms of a gene
Alleles
Genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
The traits you have because of the genes you have
Phenotype
When an organism has 2 identical alleles for a particular gene
Homozygous
When an organism has 2 different alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous
Portions of chromatids are exchanged within the tetrad
Crossover
If the dominant allele is present in an organism, the organism will exhibit that trait. In order for the recessive trait to show up, both alleles must be recessive
Dominance and recessiveness
The alleles for a trait are separated during meiosis
Segregation
Alleles for different traits are separated to different gametes independently of each other during meiosis
Independent assortment
Average outcome of a large number of events
Probability
Mating between 2 individuals with different alleles crossing between 1 phenotype(traits)
Monohybrid cross
Mating between 2 individuals with different alleles crossing between 2 phenotypes(traits)
Dihybrid cross
The study of biological heredity
Genetics
The joining of male and female gametes
Fertilization
The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
Hybrid
thesperminthepollen,andtheegg
beingfertilized,comefromthesame parent
plant
Self-pollination
iftheplantswereallowedto
selfpollinate,theoffspringwouldbeidentical totheparentplant.
True-breeding
thesperminthepollenandthe
eggbeingfertilizedcomefromtwodifferent
parents
Cross-pollination
If you have at least one dominant allele, the dominant trait will show up. In order to be recessive you need to have both recessive alleles.
Principal of dominance
A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross
Plummet square
Inheritance of biological characteristics is determined by individual units
Genes
Whenonealleleisnotcompletely dominantoveranotherallele.
Incomplete dominance
Thephenotypesproducedbyboth allelesareclearlyexpressed
Codominance
agenewithmorethantwo alleles
Multiple allele trait
Traitscontrolledbytwoormoregenes
Polygenic traits
Building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
Cellular respiration equation
CHO + O2 == CO2 + H2O + ATP(light)
Photosynthesis equation
NRG(light) + H2O + CO2 == O2 + CHO
